repro Flashcards
venous drainage of ovary/testis?
L: –> L gonadal v –> L renal vein –> IVC
R: –> R gonadal v –> IVC
why is varicocele more common on the left?
bc the L spermatic vein enters L renal v at 90degree angle –> more P, less laminar flow
lymphatic drainage of ovary/testis?
para-aortic (RP) LNs
lymphatic drainage of distal vagina/vulva/scrotum?
superficial inguinal LNs
lymphatic drainage of vagina/uterus?
obturator/external iliac/hypogastric LNs
what connects ovaries to lateral wall?
infundibulopelvic ligament
contains ovarian vessels
- ligate during oophorectomy
- may damage ureter
what connects cervix to lateral pelvic wall?
cardinal ligament
contains uterine vessels
** ureter at risk during ligation for hysterectomy
what connects uterine fundus to labia majora?
round ligament (gubernaculum derivative)
** travels through round canal, above artery of Sampson
what connects uterus/fallopian tubes/ovaries to pelvic side wall?
broad ligament
contains round ligament
made up of mesosalpinx, mesometrium, mesovarium
what connects medial pole of ovary to lateral uterus?
ovarian ligament (gubernaculum derivative)
what is the tissue type of the transformation zone?
squamocolumnar junction
what is the histology of the uterus?
simple columnar epithelium
glands long and tubular in follicular phase; coiled in luteal phase
where do you find spermatogonia?
in the seminiferous tubules - on periphery
spermatocytes mature and migrate inward –> spermatids at lumen
what do sertoli cells do?
1) secrete inhibin –> inhibit FSH
2) secrete androgen binding protein –> regulate T levels
3) support/nourish/regulate sperm
4) secrete MIF
5) secrete aromatase –> T and androstenedione to E conversion
how does temperature affect sertoli cells?
increased temp –> decreased sperm production and decreased inhibin
(get increased temp with cryptorchidism, varicocele)
where do you find sertoli cells?
interspersed in seminiferous tubules
what do leydig cells do?
secrete T in presence of LH
are leydig cells affected by temperature?
nope!
where do you find leydig cells?
interstitium of testis (outside seminiferous tubules)
what is the pathway of sperm during ejaculation?
SEVEn UP seminiferous tubules epididymis vas deferens ejaculatory ducts urethra penis
injury from pelvic fx most likely to affect which part of urethra?
posterior - membranous
injury from blunt force most likely to affect which part of urethra?
posterior - bulbar
injury to posterior urethra causes urine to leak where?
retropubic space
injury in perineal straddle injury most likely to affect which part of urethra?
anterior - penile
injury to anterior urethra causes urine to leak where?
beneath Buck’s fascia
if fascia torn –> superficial perineal space
pathway for erection?
parasympathetic - pelvic n
NO –> increased cGMP –> smooth mm relaxation and vasodilation
PDE5 inhibitors prevent cGMP breakdown
pathway for anti-erection? (???)
parasympathetic - pelvic n
NE –> increased Ca –> smooth mm contraction, vasoconstriction
nerve modulating emission?
hypogastric n (sympathetic)
nerve modulating ejaculation?
pudendal n (visceral and somatic)
