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3. Nursing Pharmacology > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

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1
Q

antihistamine examples

A

1st gen- diphenhydramine
(benadryl)
2nd generation - Nonsedating-all OTC now cetirizine (zyrtec), fexofenadine (allegra),
(Claritin)

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2
Q

1 st generation antihistamine SE

A
  • -drowsiness, dizziness

- anticholinergic- (dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision)

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3
Q

Antihistamine interaction

A

↑ CNS depression with alcohol, avoid MAOIs

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4
Q

Antihistamine CA

A

LOC

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5
Q

Antihistamine PT

A
  • don’t drive-drowsy
  • avoid alcohol
  • use sunblock (photosensitivity)
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6
Q

nasal decongestants

A

adrenergic agonists:
-oxymetazoline (Afrin) -naphazoline (Allerest ) -pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

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7
Q

nasal decongestants SE

A
  • alpha adrenergic effect

- HTN, tachycardia, hyperglycemia

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8
Q

nasal decongestants CA

A

BP

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9
Q

nasal decongestants PT

A

should not use nasal decongestants longer than 5 days to prevent rebound nasal congestion

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10
Q

intranasal glucocorticoids treat ….

A

allergic rhinitis

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11
Q

Antitussives examples

A
  • Narcotic-codeine

- nonnarcotic-dextrometh-orphan

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12
Q

Antitussives action

A
  • suppress cough reflex

- suppress non-productive cough

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13
Q

Antitussives CA

A

cough & for Narc. RR

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14
Q

Expectorant examples

A
  • guaifenesin (Robitussin, Humibid)

- iodonated glycerol

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15
Q

Expectorant action

A

liquefy and thin secretions

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16
Q

Expectorant CA & PT

A

none but encourage liquids to thin secretions

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17
Q

lower respiratory med classes (3)

A
  1. bronchodilators- beta 1
  2. anticholinergics
  3. methylxanthines
18
Q

Bronchodilators SNS effect (2)

A
  1. -Bronchodilators- beta agonists-2.sympathomimetics

- adrenergic

19
Q

Bronchodilators examples (5)

A
  1. epinephrine-alpha +beta
  2. isoproterenol (Isuprel) - beta1+2
  3. Albuterol (Proventil)-selective beta2
  4. Salmeterol (Serevent)-select. beta2
  5. Advair: Salmeterol + fluticasone(steroid)=PDI
20
Q

Bronchodilators action

A

dilates bronchioles

21
Q

Bronchodilators SE

A
  • Palpitations
  • nervousness
  • tachycardia
  • dysrhythmias
  • HTN
22
Q

Bronchodilators CA

A

BP

23
Q

Bronchodilators PT

A
  • Albuterol is for rescue

- Salmeterol- prophylaxis

24
Q

anticholinergic bronchodilators examples (3)

A
  1. Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
  2. Tiotropium (Spiriva Handihaler)
  3. Combo: Ipratropium/
    Albuterol(Combivent)
25
Q

anticholinergic bronchodilators use

A
  • block the effects of acetylcholine

- prevents/reduces broncho-constriction of smooth muscle of bronchus

26
Q

anticholinergic bronchodilators contraind

A

narrow angle glaucoma

27
Q

anticholinergic bronchodilators CA

A

none

28
Q

anticholinergic bronchodilators PT

A
  • Teaching- Use beta-agonist 5 min before anticholinergic

- use glucocorticoid 5 min after anticholinergic

29
Q

methylxanthine derivative examples

A

aminophylline, theophylline

30
Q

methylxanthine derivative action

A

Relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi, bronchioles cAMP promoting bronchodilation

31
Q

methylxanthine T-range

A

10-20 mcg/ml

-toxic> 20

32
Q

methylxanthine CA

A

theophylline blood levels

33
Q

glucocorticoids examples

A

-Fluticasone (Flonase)
-Beclomethasone (Vanceril)
-Flunisolide (Aerobid)
-Triamcinolone (Nasacort,
Azmacort)
-Budesonide (Rhinocort)
Oral: Prednisone
IV: Methylpred-nisolone (Solu-Medrol)

34
Q

glucocorticoids SE

A
  • hyperglycemia (monitor for DM)
  • risk for infection
  • HTN
  • HF
  • hypokalemia, -hypernatremia
  • peptic ulcers
35
Q

glucocorticoids PT

A
  • Do not stop the drug abruptly- must be tapered
  • take every dose
  • avoid exposure to infections
  • must take oral meds with meals
36
Q

mast cell stabilizers ex

A

cromolyn

37
Q

mast cell stabilizers action

A
  • anti-inflammatory effect and suppresses the release of histamine
  • prophylactic
38
Q

mucolytic examples(2)

A
  1. Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

2. Dornase alfa (Pulmozyne)

39
Q

mucolytic action

A

-liquefies and loosens thick mucus secretions

40
Q

Acetylcysteine antidote for ….

A

also an antidote for acetaminophen overdose-if within 12-24 hours

3. Nursing Pharmacology (22 decks)

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