Comp 8 Endocrine Flashcards
signs of hypoglycemia
- HA
- dizziness
- confusion
- slurred speech
- nervousness
- anxiety
- agitation
- tremors, sweating, tachycardia, seizures
- appears “drunk”
signs of hyperglycemia
- extreme thirst
- dry mucous membranes
- poor skin turgor
- polyuria
- fruity breath
- fatigue, tachycardia, Kussmaul respirations
sulfonylureas action
stimulate beta cells in pancreas to increase insulin secretion
sulfonylureas SE
- hypoglycemia
- blood disorders
- photosensitivity
contraind to all oral antidiabetics
- known drug allergy
- severe kidney disease
- sever liver disease
- pregnancy
oral antidiabetics PT
- CA: BGM
- make sure PT tolerates food
- check with MD when PT is placed on NPO
- avoid alcohol
meglitinides action
-increase insulin secretion in pancreas
meglitinides SE
hypoglycemia
biguanide Metformin action and location
- decrease glucose production on the liver
- increase use of glucose by muscles and fat cells
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) action and location
Decrease insulin resistance by stimulating receptors in muscle cells to uptake of insulin
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors action and location
- Acarbose
- in GI, inhibits enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, thus slows digestion
thyroid gland action
increases the metabolism in body -necessary for growth and development in children
Hypothyroidism SS
-fatigue, lethargy
- mental acuity
-personal and mental changes
-cold intolerance
-myxedema
-weight gain
facial puffiness
levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) action
- treat hypothyroid
- increase levels of t3 t4 thyroid hormones
levothyroxine CA
apical pulse and BP
NI for thyroid meds
- monitor vital signs, weight
- administer thyroid replacement drug before breakfast
- warn of iodine effects and presence in iodized salt
Foods high in iodine
cheese -cows milk
- eggs -frozen yogurt
- ice cream
- iodine-containing multi-vitamins
- iodized table salt
- saltwater fish
- seaweed (kelp, dulce, nori)
- Shellfish - soy milk - soy sauce -yogurt
hyperthyroidism SS
-tachycardia, palpitations
- nervousness, irritability,
heat intolerance
propylthiouricil (PTU)
-methimazole (Tapazole)
action
inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis
-Treat thyrotoxic crisis and in preparation for subtotal thyroidect-omy
propylthiouricil (PTU)
-methimazole (Tapazole) SE
blood disorders- low WBC
Calcitrol action, CA
- increases Ca absorption from GI
- Treat hypo-parathyroid-ism, hypo-calcemia in chronic renal failure
- CA: Ca2+ serum levels
Addisons disease and treatment
- deficiency in adrenal hormones
- corticosteroids
-corticosteroids SE
- hyperglycemia (monitor PT w/ DM)
- risk for infection
- hypertension, HF
- hypokalemia
- hypernatremia
- peptic ulcers
-corticosteroids NI (4)
- Give oral forms with milk, food
- must avoid abrupt withdrawal
- avoid contact with large crowds and those with infections
- will need increased doses after stressful events
gigantism
-excess prior to closure of epiphyseal shafts
somatropin (Genotropin, Nutropin) action and SE
- stimulates tissue and bone growth , mobilizes glucose and free fatty acids
- hyperglycemia
acromegaly
-excess after closures -short stature-
octreotide (Sandostatin)
- treats excess growth hormone secretion
octreotide (Sandostatin) SE
hypoglycemia
Vasopressin action and ind
- antidiuretic hormone
- facilitates: reabsorption of water in kidneys
- vasoconstriction of arterioles
- treat diabetes insipidus
ADH - Vasopressin, Desmopressin NI
- monitor electrolytes
- monitor BP, vitals, weight
- monitor fluid imbalances
- monitor urinary output
excess Antidiuretic hormone called….
SIADH
-syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
