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3. Nursing Pharmacology > Comp 8 Endocrine > Flashcards

Comp 8 Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

signs of hypoglycemia

A
  • HA
  • dizziness
  • confusion
  • slurred speech
  • nervousness
  • anxiety
  • agitation
  • tremors, sweating, tachycardia, seizures
  • appears “drunk”
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2
Q

signs of hyperglycemia

A
  • extreme thirst
  • dry mucous membranes
  • poor skin turgor
  • polyuria
  • fruity breath
  • fatigue, tachycardia, Kussmaul respirations
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3
Q

sulfonylureas action

A

stimulate beta cells in pancreas to increase insulin secretion

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4
Q

sulfonylureas SE

A
  • hypoglycemia
  • blood disorders
  • photosensitivity
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5
Q

contraind to all oral antidiabetics

A
  • known drug allergy
  • severe kidney disease
  • sever liver disease
  • pregnancy
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6
Q

oral antidiabetics PT

A
  • CA: BGM
  • make sure PT tolerates food
  • check with MD when PT is placed on NPO
  • avoid alcohol
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7
Q

meglitinides action

A

-increase insulin secretion in pancreas

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8
Q

meglitinides SE

A

hypoglycemia

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9
Q

biguanide Metformin action and location

A
  • decrease glucose production on the liver

- increase use of glucose by muscles and fat cells

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10
Q

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) action and location

A

Decrease insulin resistance by stimulating receptors in muscle cells to uptake of insulin

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11
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors action and location

A
  • Acarbose

- in GI, inhibits enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, thus slows digestion

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12
Q

thyroid gland action

A

increases the metabolism in body -necessary for growth and development in children

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13
Q

Hypothyroidism SS

A

-fatigue, lethargy
- mental acuity
-personal and mental changes
-cold intolerance
-myxedema
-weight gain
facial puffiness

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14
Q

levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) action

A
  • treat hypothyroid

- increase levels of t3 t4 thyroid hormones

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15
Q

levothyroxine CA

A

apical pulse and BP

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16
Q

NI for thyroid meds

A
  • monitor vital signs, weight
  • administer thyroid replacement drug before breakfast
  • warn of iodine effects and presence in iodized salt
17
Q

Foods high in iodine

A

cheese -cows milk

  • eggs -frozen yogurt
  • ice cream
  • iodine-containing multi-vitamins
  • iodized table salt
  • saltwater fish
  • seaweed (kelp, dulce, nori)
  • Shellfish - soy milk - soy sauce -yogurt
18
Q

hyperthyroidism SS

A

-tachycardia, palpitations
- nervousness, irritability,
heat intolerance

19
Q

propylthiouricil (PTU)
-methimazole (Tapazole)
action

A

inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis

-Treat thyrotoxic crisis and in preparation for subtotal thyroidect-omy

20
Q

propylthiouricil (PTU)

-methimazole (Tapazole) SE

A

blood disorders- low WBC

21
Q

Calcitrol action, CA

A
  • increases Ca absorption from GI
  • Treat hypo-parathyroid-ism, hypo-calcemia in chronic renal failure
  • CA: Ca2+ serum levels
22
Q

Addisons disease and treatment

A
  • deficiency in adrenal hormones

- corticosteroids

23
Q

-corticosteroids SE

A
  • hyperglycemia (monitor PT w/ DM)
  • risk for infection
  • hypertension, HF
  • hypokalemia
  • hypernatremia
  • peptic ulcers
24
Q

-corticosteroids NI (4)

A
  1. Give oral forms with milk, food
  2. must avoid abrupt withdrawal
  3. avoid contact with large crowds and those with infections
  4. will need increased doses after stressful events
25
Q

gigantism

A

-excess prior to closure of epiphyseal shafts

26
Q

somatropin (Genotropin, Nutropin) action and SE

A
  • stimulates tissue and bone growth , mobilizes glucose and free fatty acids
  • hyperglycemia
27
Q

acromegaly

A

-excess after closures -short stature-

28
Q

octreotide (Sandostatin)

A
  • treats excess growth hormone secretion
29
Q

octreotide (Sandostatin) SE

A

hypoglycemia

30
Q

Vasopressin action and ind

A
  • antidiuretic hormone
  • facilitates: reabsorption of water in kidneys
  • vasoconstriction of arterioles
  • treat diabetes insipidus
31
Q

ADH - Vasopressin, Desmopressin NI

A
  • monitor electrolytes
  • monitor BP, vitals, weight
  • monitor fluid imbalances
  • monitor urinary output
32
Q

excess Antidiuretic hormone called….

A

SIADH

-syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

3. Nursing Pharmacology (22 decks)

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