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Pharmacology > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-2 Agonists

Name and Mechanism

A

Salbutamol, terbutaline, salmeterol

GPCR relaxes smooth muscle to improve airflow and stimulates Na/K-ATPase pumps reducing hyperkalaemia

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2
Q

Beta-2 agonists

Indications

A

Asthma, COPD, hyperkalaemia

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3
Q

Beta-2 Agonists

Contraindications

A

CVD (tachycardia –> angina)

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4
Q

Beta-2 Agonists

Side effects

A

SNS stimulation (tremor, tachy, palps, anxiety, ^ glucose), increase serum lactate (cramps)

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5
Q

Beta-2 agonists

Interactions

A

Beta-blockers, theophylline, corticosteroids (hypoK)

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6
Q

Antimuscarinics

Name and mechanism

A

Tiotropium, ipratropium

Anticholinergics prevent PNS tone, relaxes smooth muscle, reduces secretions

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7
Q

Antimuscarinics

Indications

A

COPD, asthma (step 4)

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8
Q

Antimuscarinics

Contraindications

A

Angle closure glaucoma, arrhythmias

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9
Q

Antimuscarinics

Side effets

A

Dry mouth, little systemic absorption so minimal effects

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10
Q

Corticosteroid

Name and mechanism

A

Prednisolone
Glucocorticoid target receptors regulating gene transmission, anti-inflammatoru, catabolises muscle, retention of Na, loss of K

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11
Q

Prednisolone

Indications

A

Allergy/inflammatory asthma

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12
Q

Prednisolone

Contraindications

A

Infections, children

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13
Q

Prednisolone

Side effects

A

Immunosuppression
Cushings
ACTH suppression +/- WD addisonian crisis

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14
Q

Prednisolone

Interactions

A

Hypokalaemic increase, risk with NSAIDs, efficacy reduced by CYP450 inhibitors

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15
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroid

Name and Mechanism

A

Beclometasone, budesonide, fluticasone

Reduced inflammation local to AW

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16
Q

Beclometasone

Indications

A

Asthma, COPD

17
Q

beclometasone

Contraindications

A

Pneumonia in COPD, children

18
Q

Beclometasone

side effects

A

oral candidiasis, hoarse voice, ^pneumonia risk

19
Q

Mucolytic

Name and mechanism

A 
Carbocysteine
Decreases viscosity (expectorant) by increasing sialomucin content of mucous
20
Q

Carbocysteine

Indications

A

COPD

21
Q

Carbocysteine

Contraindications

A

Allergy, breast-feeding, children

22
Q

Carbocysteine

Side effects

A

GI, nausea, low BM, GI bleed

23
Q

Theophylline

Mechanism of action

A

Non-selective PDE inhibitor, reduces inflammation and innate immune response (adenosine antagonist -> heart)

24
Q

Theophyllines

Indications

A

Asthma, COPD, infant apnoea, adenosine reverse

25
Q

Theophyllines

Contraindications

A

Allergy, high caffeine, dipyramidole IV

26
Q

Theophylline

Side effects

A

Narrow TPI, N&D, tachy, arrhythmia, CNS excitation

27
Q

Theophylline

Interactions

A

Cimetidine, phenytoin. eliminated CYP450

28
Q

Oxygen

Mechanism

A

Increase Pa)2 to improve tissue delivery, increase nitrogen excretion and reduce half life of carboxyhaemoglobin

29
Q

Oxygen

Indications

A

Hypoxaemia, pneumothorax, CO poisoning

30
Q

Oxygen

Contraindications

A

Limit use in COPD with T2RF, near heat source/naked flame

31
Q

Oxygen

Side effects

A

Dry throat/device discomfort

32
Q

Oxygen

Prescription

A

Give target therapeutic range, may req venturi (start low and titrate up)

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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