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Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Beta lactams

Name and target

A

Penicillins - flucloxaxillin, benzylpenicillin, tazocin, amoxicillin
Carbapenems - meropenem
Cephs (2nd Gen) - cefuroxime
Cephs (3rd Gen) - ceftriaxone, cefotaxime
Cephs (4th Gen) - cefepime

Target: bacterial cell wall

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2
Q

Glycopeptides

Name and target

A

Vancomycin/Teicoplanin
Target bacterial cell wall - peptidoglycan links
Require monitoring of levels in Renal Impairment

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3
Q

Flucloxacillin

Sensitivity and use

A

MSSA +++, Streps +

Used for skin infections/soft tissue, OE, endocarditis

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4
Q

Benzylpenicillin

Sensitivity and use

A

Streptococcus, some enterococci

Used for skin/soft tissues, RTIs, OM, endocarditis, meningococcal diseae

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5
Q

Amoxicillin

Sensitivity and use

A

Streptococci, some enterococci

Used for CAP and OM, UTIs

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6
Q

Co-amoxiclav (augmentin)

Sensitivity and use

A

Staphs/ Streps, E.coli, Haemophilis, some enterococci

Used for cystitis, pyelonephritis, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, GUI, abdo infection

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7
Q

Tazocin

Sensitivity and use

A

Broad spec

Used for HAP, complicated UTIs, intra-abdominal infections, complicated skin/soft tissue infections (sepsis)

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8
Q

Meropenem

Sensitivity and use

A

Staphs & streps, haemophilus and e.coli, pseudomonas spp.
Used for complicated infections

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9
Q

Cephalosporins

Use

A

Often used in polymicrobial, some GPC most GNB
3rd Gen - pseudomonas
4th Gen - mixed
5th Gen - MRSA

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10
Q

Vancomycin, Teicoplanin

Sensitivity and use

A

Almost all GP (except VRE), some anaerobes

Used in severe infections and sepsis/MRSA

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11
Q

Aminoglycosides

Name and target

A

Gentamicin/Amikacin/Streptomycin/Neomycin

Targets 30S ribosome

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12
Q

Gentamicin

Sensitivity and use

A

Mostly E.coli/coliforms, pseudomonas spp
used in severe GN infections and some GP
- inactive against anaerobes

Sepsis, biliary infection, acute pyelonephritis, HAP

Must be given parenterally due to low lipid solubility
Measure 1 hour (peak dose) and trough (pre-dose)

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13
Q

Tetracyclines

Name and target

A

Doxycycline - targets 30S ribosome

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14
Q

Doxycycline

Sensitivity and use

A

Mix of GP and GN

Used for some UTIs, RTIs, STDs (chlamydia)

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15
Q

Lincosamides

Name and target

A

Clindamycin - targets 50S ribosome

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16
Q

Clindamycin

Sensitivity and use

A

BS, serious anaerobe infections, most GP

Used in place of penicillins, dental infections, tonsillitis

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17
Q

Macrolides

Name and target

A

Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin (GN)

Targets 50S ribosome

18
Q

Erythromycin

Sensitivity and use

A

Staphs and streps, E.coli, Haemophilus, atypical pneumonias (legionella, mycoplasma)
Used for RTIs, ear infection, skin/soft tissue infection

19
Q

Chloramphenicol

Sensitivity and use

A

Broad spec

Used for bacterial conjunctivitis

20
Q

Fluoroquinolones

Name and target

A

Ciprofloxacin

Target DNA gyrase enzyme

21
Q

Ciprofloxacin

Sensitivity and use

A

Most GN

Used for URTI, UTI, abdo infections, traveller’s diarrhoea

22
Q

Metronidazole

Sensitivity

A

Anaerobes - bacteroides

23
Q

Co-trimoxazole

Uses

A

Bacterial UTIs

24
Q

Nitrofurantoin

Sensitivity and use

A

Enterococci, E.coli/coliforms

Used for UTIs

25
Q

Penicillins

Side effects

A

Anaphylaxis, CNS toxicity in OD, GI upset, abx assoc-colitis, interstitial nephritis

26
Q

Carbapenems

Side effects

A

Anaphylaxis, abx assoc-colitis, seizures, hepatotoxicity, headaches, NVD

27
Q

Cephalosporins

Side effects

A

Anaphylaxis, CNS toxicity, seizures, abx assoc-colitis

28
Q

Glycopeptides

Side effects

A

Anaphylaxis, red man syndrome, nephrotoxic, ototoxic, infusion site reaction, blood disorders, SJS, TEN

29
Q

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin)

Side effects

A

Nephrotoxic, ototoxic

30
Q

Tetracycline

Side effects

A

NV&D, oesophageal irritation, ulceration, dysphagia, photosensitivity, discoloured enamel (children), intracranial HTN

31
Q

Metronidazole

Side effects

A

GI upset, taste disturbane, disulfaram type reaction with alcohol

32
Q

Trimethoprim

Side effects

A

Teratogenic in T1/3, hyperkalaemia

33
Q

Ciprofloxacin

Side effects

A

NV&D, tendonitis, photosensitivity, SJS, TEN

34
Q

Lincosamides

Side effects

A

C.diff, abdo discomfort, oesophagitis, taste disturbance, SJS, TEN

35
Q

Macrolide

Side effects

A

NV+D, phlebitis, QT prolongation, myaesthena-type syndrome

36
Q

Flucloxacillin side effects

A

Delayed cholestatic jaundice/hepatitis

37
Q

Common Gentamicin combos

A

with metronidazole (anaerobes) or penicillin (gram positives)

38
Q

Safe in pregnancy

A

Penicillins, Clindamycin, Erythromycin

39
Q

Must avoid in pregnancy

A

Tetracyclines, Co-trimoxazole (late), Nitrofurantoin (early)

40
Q

Quinolones caution for practical prescribing

A

Lowers seizure threshold

41
Q

What to prescribe for CURB65 score of 2 vs 3+

A 
CURB65 = 2 --> Coamoxiclav
CURB65 = 3/+ --> Coamoxiclav + clarithromycin

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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