Respiratory Flashcards
1
Q
Airways
A
- 23 generations of branches to alveoli
- Asymetrical
- Generations 1-6/8 - cartillage
- Generations 8-23 - soft tissue structure
2
Q
Airway Resistance
A
- Most resistance is in the first (up to 8) Generations of airways - Choke point of the respiratory system
- Low airway resistance in the lower aiwars
3
Q
Factors that influence airway flow
A
- Airway
- Lung Parenchyma
- Chest wall/pleura
- Neuromuscular (diaphragm, intercostals)
4
Q
Glymphatics
A
- Essentially drains CSF to lymphatics
- Activated during sleep
- Modulates fluid cortical volume
- Clearance of toxins (Amyloid, Tau Proteins etc)
- Restoration of function
5
Q
Upper airway muscles
A
- > 12 separate muscles - sequential contractions
Issues: - Surgically altering palate changes vectors of muscle function
- Pacing - which muscle
- Training - which muscle
6
Q
Collapsible airway influenced by
A
- Body weight (50%)
- Size of Airway (25%)
- Loss of airway muscle tone
- Dryness (less secretions = collapse)
7
Q
Concerns about Snoring
A
- Cardio-pulm-vasc risk
- Sleepiness
- Noise pollution (partner)
- Post-op risk
8
Q
OSA
A
Doubles CVD risk # L Heart Failure - hyperventilation - Decreases PCO2 - Cheyne Stokes respiration # R Heart Failure - Hypoventilation - Increases PCO2 - Cor Pulmonale
9
Q
OSA Treatment
A
Improves - HTN - Heart Failure Unsure - Diabetes - IHD - Mortality - AF
10
Q
Cheyne Stokes Respiration
A
- Changes in rate and deepness of breathing
- 2ndary to CO2 levels
11
Q
OSA Treatment
A
- Lifestyle
- CPAP
- Dentition
12
Q
Causes of a raised TLCO
A
asthma pulmonary haemorrhage (Wegener's, Goodpasture's) left-to-right cardiac shunts polycythaemia hyperkinetic states male gender, exercise
13
Q
Causes of a lower TLCO
A
pulmonary fibrosis pneumonia pulmonary emboli pulmonary oedema emphysema anaemia low cardiac output
