ID Flashcards
1
Q
Anti-fungal agents
A
- Conventional amphotericin
2
Q
Highest risk for developing invasive fungal infection
A
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Allogenic HSCT (particularly with cord blood source) and
- Heart, lung, liver transplantation.
3
Q
What mosquito is a known vector for the Zika virus
A
Aedes aegypti (daytime active mosquitoes)
4
Q
Zika virus
A
- Member of the Flaviviridae virus family
- Transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
Causes - Mild illness known as “zika”
- Related to dengue, yellow fever, West Nile disease, caused by other Flaviviruses, treated symptomatically and cannot be prevented by drugs or vaccines.
- Studies show that the extrinsic incubation period in mosquitoes is about 10 days.
5
Q
mantoux test
A
Positive
- > 5mm in HIV infected person, immunosuppressed, close contact of infectious TB and presence of old TB on CXR
- > 10mm if medical risk factors, foreign born endemic TB area, healthcare worker, nursing home, prisoners.
- > 15 mm for all other persons, BCG vaccinated.
6
Q
Multi Drug Resistant TB treatment
NEJM 2014 371:8
A
- Bedaquiline
- inhibits mycobacterial ATP synthase
- Added to preferred background regieme
- Faster culture conversion and significantly more culture conversions
7
Q
Xpert MTB/RIF (GeneXpert)
NEJM 2010 363;11
A
- Automated molecular test for MTB and Rif resistance
- urgent simple and rapid diagnostic tool
- PCR assay - amplify an MTB-specific sequence of the rpoB gene,
- Smear +ve TB - sensitivity is 98.2%
- Smear -ve, culture +ve TB the sensitivity is 72.5%.
- addition of a second MTB/RIF test increased sensitivity by 12.6 percentage points and a third by 5.1 percentage points, to a total of 90.2%.
8
Q
Caspofungin
A
Echinocandins class anti fungal Inhibits Glucan synthesis - reduces cell wall integrity and then cell death
9
Q
Inhibition of Daptomycin
A
inhibited by surfactant therefore is not useful for pneumonia.
10
Q
Whooping Cough
A
Bordetella pertussis is a gram negative coccobacilli
