Respiratory 5 and Practicals Flashcards
What is the 7 points plan of describing gross lesions?
- Organ
- Location
- Distribution
- Size
- Shape (+ contours)
- Colour
- Consistency
What are the 7 points for a histopath description?
- Organ
- Location
- Distribution
- Cells
- Numbers
- Damage
- Agents
What inflammatory cells are present acutely, subacutely and chronically?
Acute- neutrophils and RBCs
Subacute- lymphocytes and plasma cells (virtually always together)- occasionally eosinophils
Chronic- macrophages, giant cells, fibroblasts
What are the following WBCs?
What are the following WBCs and cells?
How does the URT, bronchus and bronchioles epithelium vary?
URT- ciliated pseudostratified epitherlium, columnar epithelium, underlying connective tissue, supporting cartilage, blood vessels
Bronchus- cartilage support, columnar to cuboidal, large diameter
Bronchioles- no cartilage,
What are the areas of the respiratory tract shown and how can you tell?
A) Bronchus- cartilage support, columnar/cuboidal epithelium, large diameter
B) Bronchioles/lung parenchyma- no cartilage, < cilia
What is unusual about this image of the lung parenchyma?
Nothing this is normal- got ya!
Alveolar spaces everywhere
Fine alveolar epithelium network
A few bronchi/bronchioles
Odd alveolar macrophage
Which arrow is type 1/2 pneumocyte?
Top is type 1
Bottom is type 2
Lung: multifocal to coalescing random distribution across the pulmonary parenchyma, there are multiple firm yellow to white oval nodular masses 5-40mm diameter, often surrounded by firm pink material. Multifocal haemorrhagic areas
MD: Severe chronic multifocal to coalesing granulomatous pneumonia
What are the top, middle and bottom arrows pointing out?
Top and middle- mutlifocal nodules some over 4mm (middle) some under 1 (top)
Bottom- moderate diffuse emphysema
What are the top, middle and bottom arrows pointing to?
Acid-fast bacteria are found within lesion
What is the aetiology and pathogenesis?
Top- flattened alveoli
Middle- cell dense zone- mainly macrophages
Bottom- Central necrosis
Aetiology- mycobacterium bovis
Pathogenesis- airgborene- inspired- early stage lymphatic spread from the lungs to local lymph nodes, late stage septicaemic spread to other organs
Lung: in a focally extensive distribution across 50% of the lung pleura there is a grey yellow 1-2mm thickness film of soft friable material (fibrin). Extending from the pleural surface into the lung parenchyma, there is a severly affected, firm and dense red-black lung tissue with multifocal yellow soft (necrotic) areas approximately 1mm diamter throughout the cranio-ventral lung field
Likely mannheimia haemolytica
What are the arrows pointing to?
What are the top and bottom arrow pointing out?
Top- loss of alveoli, invaded by leucocytes and necrotic debris
Bottom- site of most inflammatino and necrosis- bronchi/bronchioles
Where in this image are a lot of neutrophils located?
What can you say about the blood vessels and alveoli?
Neutrophils in bronchioles
Inflammed alveoli with fibrin and lymphocytes
Hyperaemic blood vessels
What are the top, middle and bottom arrow pointing to?
What has happened here?
- Multi focal dense lung
- Bronchus with abnormal contents
- Emphysema
Aspiration pneumonia
Look at the following slides
What is the aetiology?
Where does the infection originate?
What other clinical signs will be present?
What is the pathogenesis of this condition?
Aetiology- Mycobacterium bovis
Airborne
Weight loss/ lympahdenopathy
Pathogenesis- early stage lympatic spread from lung to local lymph nodes, late stage septicaemic spread to other organs
Left lung loves are moderately multifocally mnottled dark red to pale tan.
Consistency would be expected to be firmer then normal.
The right caudal lung lobe appears grossly normal
Oesophagus appears focally moderately dilated proximal to the persistent aortic arch
Look at the following slides:
Comment on low power changes
Comment on high power changes
Give morphological diagnosis
Where does the infection originate and why?
What determines severity?
Low power- top right- MF dense lung, Bronchus with abnormal contents, Emphysema
Mid power- bottom left- material in airways, MF inflammation of WBCs, Empysema
High power- top left- Inflam zone cells, Macrophage/giant, Lymphos/plasmas
MD- multifocal moderate subacute necrotising bronchopneumonia
Infection origination- aspirated secondary to megaoesophagus
Severity- contents/amount/distribution
