Respiratory Flashcards
When performing a diagnostic pleurocentesis for a pleural effusion, what do you send the fluid off for?
Chemisty - protein (albumin), LDH, pH, glucose (For Light’s criteria Transudate vs exudate)
Microbiology - MC&S, auramine stain and TB culture
Cytology
Serology - RF, ANA, complement
4 signs of severe acute asthma
PEFR 25
HR >110
Incomplete sentences
7 features of life-threatening asthma
33-92-CHEST
PEFR
What are the causes of an upper lobe pulmonary fibrosis?
TB SPACE
TB Sarcoidosis Pneumoconiosis Ank. Spond. CF Extrinsic allergic alveolitis + aspergillosis
What are the causes of an lower lobe pulmonary fibrosis?
ACID
Asbestosis
CTD - RA, SLE, SS, Sjogrens
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Drugs
Which drugs are associated with pulmonary fibrosis?
AMEN BS
Amiodarone
Methotrexate
Ergot-derivatives
Nitrofuratoin
Bleomycin/Busulphan
Sulfasalazine
3 respiratory causes of finger clubbing
Bronchiectasis (incl. CF)
Lung Ca
Pulmonary fibrosis - IPF & asbestosis
NOT COPD
What are the CXR findings for pulmonary oedema?
ABCDEF
Alveolar shadowing B lines: Kerley Cardiomegaly Diversion to the upper lobe veins Effusions Fluid in the horizontal Fissure
What are the CXR findings of LUL collapse
General signs of lobar collapse
- raised hemidiaphragm
- Tracheal and mediastinal shift towards
- Hila displacement
- Narrowing of the rib spacing
Specific LUL
- Veil sign
- Luftsichel sign: radiolucent rim around aortic arch due to LLL hyperinflation
CXR Sail Sign indicates
LLL collapse
Indications for LTOT in COPD
PaO2
Evidence of hyperexpansion on examinations
Reduced cricosternal distance
Reduced cardiac dullness
Palpable liver edge
Most common organism that causes infective exacerbation of COPD
Haemophilus influenzae
Other agents:
S.pneumoniae
M. Catarrhalis
Viruses account for 30%
Difference between atelectasis and collapse?
Atelectasis = reduced air in alveoli
Collapse = no air in alveoli
Indications for NIV and invasive ventilation in an acute exacerbation of COPD?
NIV: if pH 30
Invasive: if pH