Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

When performing a diagnostic pleurocentesis for a pleural effusion, what do you send the fluid off for?

A

Chemisty - protein (albumin), LDH, pH, glucose (For Light’s criteria Transudate vs exudate)

Microbiology - MC&S, auramine stain and TB culture

Cytology

Serology - RF, ANA, complement

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2
Q

4 signs of severe acute asthma

A

PEFR 25
HR >110
Incomplete sentences

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3
Q

7 features of life-threatening asthma

A

33-92-CHEST

PEFR

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4
Q

What are the causes of an upper lobe pulmonary fibrosis?

A

TB SPACE

TB
Sarcoidosis
Pneumoconiosis
Ank. Spond.
CF
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis + aspergillosis
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5
Q

What are the causes of an lower lobe pulmonary fibrosis?

A

ACID

Asbestosis
CTD - RA, SLE, SS, Sjogrens
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Drugs

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6
Q

Which drugs are associated with pulmonary fibrosis?

A

AMEN BS

Amiodarone
Methotrexate
Ergot-derivatives
Nitrofuratoin

Bleomycin/Busulphan
Sulfasalazine

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7
Q

3 respiratory causes of finger clubbing

A

Bronchiectasis (incl. CF)
Lung Ca
Pulmonary fibrosis - IPF & asbestosis

NOT COPD

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8
Q

What are the CXR findings for pulmonary oedema?

A

ABCDEF

Alveolar shadowing
B lines: Kerley
Cardiomegaly
Diversion to the upper lobe veins
Effusions
Fluid in the horizontal Fissure
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9
Q

What are the CXR findings of LUL collapse

A

General signs of lobar collapse

  • raised hemidiaphragm
  • Tracheal and mediastinal shift towards
  • Hila displacement
  • Narrowing of the rib spacing

Specific LUL

  • Veil sign
  • Luftsichel sign: radiolucent rim around aortic arch due to LLL hyperinflation
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10
Q

CXR Sail Sign indicates

A

LLL collapse

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11
Q

Indications for LTOT in COPD

A

PaO2

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12
Q

Evidence of hyperexpansion on examinations

A

Reduced cricosternal distance
Reduced cardiac dullness
Palpable liver edge

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13
Q

Most common organism that causes infective exacerbation of COPD

A

Haemophilus influenzae

Other agents:
S.pneumoniae
M. Catarrhalis

Viruses account for 30%

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14
Q

Difference between atelectasis and collapse?

A

Atelectasis = reduced air in alveoli

Collapse = no air in alveoli

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15
Q

Indications for NIV and invasive ventilation in an acute exacerbation of COPD?

A

NIV: if pH 30

Invasive: if pH

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16
Q

What is the GOLD classification for COPD?

A

Mild: FEV1 >80% (with FEV1/FVC

17
Q

Atypical pneumonia specific Ix

A

Legionella - urine Ag test; serology
Mycoplasma - Cold agglutinin test
Chlamydia - serology

18
Q

Antibiotic regimen vs. severe aspiration pneumonia

A

IV Cef + Met

19
Q

4 diagnostic criteria of ARDS

A

1) Acute onset
2) Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on CXR
3) Pulmonary wedge pressure