Orthopaedics

Question 1

Which bone condition gives you are low Ca and low phosphate with a high ALP

Answer 1

Osteomalacia

Low vitamin D results in reduced bone mineralization.

Question 2

Causes of a positive Trendelenberg test

Answer 2

Superior gluteal nerve injury - commonly due to surgery,

Abductor wasting 2nd to chronic pain

Structural: DDH

Question 3

True leg length

Answer 3

ASIS to medial malleolus

Question 4

Apparent leg length

Answer 4

Xiphisternum to medial malleolus

Question 5

Causes of a true leg length discrepancy?

Answer 5

NOF

Hip dislocation
Surgery - THR

Children

• growth disturbance
• SUFE
• Perthes

Question 6

Causes of a fixed flexion deformity

Answer 6

OA
#NOF

Question 7

What are the phases of gait?

Answer 7

Heel strike
Stance
Toe off
Swing

Question 8

Cause of apparent leg length discrepancy

Answer 8

Scoliosis

Question 9

What is the indication for xray in a suspected ankle fracture?

Answer 9

Ottawa ankle rules

Pain over malleolar region + 1 of:

• inability to weight bear for 4 steps
• tenderness over medial or lateral malleolus

Question 10

Classification for ankle fractures

Answer 10

Weber Classification