Respiratory

Question 1

What is a pulmonary embolism

Answer 1

blockage of the main or branch pulmonary artery by embolism

Question 2

What are the clinical signs of pulmonary embolism

Answer 2

Increased pulmonary vascular resistance- right ventricular failure
SOB
hypoxia
chest pain

Question 3

What causes haemodynamic oedema

Answer 3

alveolar injury/ viral shock/ trauma

Question 4

What is chronic bronchitis

Answer 4

Persistent cough with sputum production, which last at least 3 month in at least 2 consecutive years, without any identifiable cause

Question 5

Give a definition of Emphysema

Answer 5

irreversible enlargement of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole

Question 6

What is atelectasis

Answer 6

incomplete expansion of the lungs, reducing oxygenation and predisposes to infection

Question 7

Give examples of obstructive diseases

Answer 7

Asthma, COPD, Bronchiectasis

Question 8

Definition of pneumonia

Answer 8

inflammation of the lung parenchyma

Question 9

What are micro causes hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer 9

bacterial- gram negative bacili

Question 10

Clinical features of pneumonia

Answer 10

fever, rigours, SOB, pleuritie chest pain, purulent sputum cough

Question 11

Morphology of restrictive lung disease

Answer 11

scarring and gross destruction of the lung- end stage/ honeycomb lung

Question 12

Definition for infection of upper airways

Answer 12

acute inflammatory process that affects mucous membrane of the respiratory tract

Question 13

Examples of upper airway infections

Answer 13

rhinitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis

Question 14

Intrinsic asthma

Answer 14

non immune mechanism- cold, exercise, aspirin

Question 15

Symptoms of upper airway infections

Answer 15

malaise,headache, sore throat, discharge

Question 16

What bacteria causes aspiration pneumonia

Answer 16

oral flora

Question 17

What is bronchiectasis

Answer 17

permanent destruction and dilation of the airways associated with severe infections or obstructions

Question 18

What is pulmonary oedema?

Answer 18

Accumulation of fluid in the air spaces and parenchyma of the lungs

Question 19

How is pneumonia caused

Answer 19

infectious agent inhalation of chemicals chest wall trauma

Question 20

What are the clinical features of restrictive lung disease

Answer 20

reductions in gas diffusing capacity lung vol and compliance. end inspiration crackes

Question 21

pneumothorax

Answer 21

air in pleural cavity

Question 22

Symptoms of pulmonary oedema

Answer 22

SOB pink forthy sputum

Question 23

Atopic asthma

Answer 23

IgE mediated hypersensitivity

Question 24

extrinsic asthma

Answer 24

response to inhaled antigen atopic occupational

Question 25

what is asthma

Answer 25

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways