Endocrine Flashcards
What causes crushing syndrome?
Steroids and ACTH releasing tumours
If released to much, which hormone can cause crushing syndrome?
glucocorticoids; cortisol
What are glucocorticoids: cortisol used for?
Essential to life, regulates blood sugar, inhibits inflammation, stress response
What can hyperparathyroidism cause
constipation, depression, seizures, muscle wasting, polyuria, bone fractures, kidney stones
what can cause hyperparathyroidism
adenoma, chronic renal failture, after renal transplant
What can low calcium cause?
Irritability, tenancy, seizures
What does parathyroid gland regluate
calcium
What are the symptoms of conn’s disease?
oedema, hypertension, high sodium, low potassium
What do adrenal glands produce
sex hormones ( testosterone, oestrogen) , mineralocorticoids ( aldosterone), glucocorticoids ( cortisol)
What can cause addisons disease ( adrenal insufficiency)
autoimmune, infectior, neoplasm
What are the symptoms of crushing syndrome
obesity, emotional disturbance, moon face, hypertension, skin uclers
What are the symptoms of addisons disease?
Gi symptoms ( anorexia, nausa, vomiting and diarrhoea), weight loss, hperpigmentation, low sodium high potassium
What is the most common type of thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma
What causes hypothyroidism
iron deficiency, radioiodine, pituitary defects, autoimmune
What is ishashinoto’s
thyroiditis leading to hypothyroidism
cuased by autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland
Symptoms of hypothyroidism?
facial and eyelid oedema , extreme fatigue, bradycardia, weight gain
How is graves caused
auto antibody or TSH receptor, this stimulates hormone synthesis, leading to unregulated
What can hyperpituitarism cause
adenomas ( a bengin tumour formed of epithelial tissue)
What hormones does the posterior pituritary gland in the hypothalamus produce
oxytocin and ADH
Hypopituitarism related effect
injury, surgery, radiation, inflammation
What can cause hyperaldosteronism
conn’s disease , high renin
What are grave’s symptoms?
tachycardia, increased systolic bp, breat enlargement, weight loss
