Endocrine

Question 1

What causes crushing syndrome?

Answer 1

Steroids and ACTH releasing tumours

Question 2

If released to much, which hormone can cause crushing syndrome?

Answer 2

glucocorticoids; cortisol

Question 3

What are glucocorticoids: cortisol used for?

Answer 3

Essential to life, regulates blood sugar, inhibits inflammation, stress response

Question 4

What can hyperparathyroidism cause

Answer 4

constipation, depression, seizures, muscle wasting, polyuria, bone fractures, kidney stones

Question 5

what can cause hyperparathyroidism

Answer 5

adenoma, chronic renal failture, after renal transplant

Question 6

What can low calcium cause?

Answer 6

Irritability, tenancy, seizures

Question 7

What does parathyroid gland regluate

Answer 7

calcium

Question 8

What are the symptoms of conn’s disease?

Answer 8

oedema, hypertension, high sodium, low potassium

Question 9

What do adrenal glands produce

Answer 9

sex hormones ( testosterone, oestrogen) , mineralocorticoids ( aldosterone), glucocorticoids ( cortisol)

Question 10

What can cause addisons disease ( adrenal insufficiency)

Answer 10

autoimmune, infectior, neoplasm

Question 11

What are the symptoms of crushing syndrome

Answer 11

obesity, emotional disturbance, moon face, hypertension, skin uclers

Question 12

What are the symptoms of addisons disease?

Answer 12

Gi symptoms ( anorexia, nausa, vomiting and diarrhoea), weight loss, hperpigmentation, low sodium high potassium

Question 13

What is the most common type of thyroid cancer

Answer 13

papillary carcinoma

Question 14

What causes hypothyroidism

Answer 14

iron deficiency, radioiodine, pituitary defects, autoimmune

Question 15

What is ishashinoto’s

Answer 15

thyroiditis leading to hypothyroidism

cuased by autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland

Question 16

Symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 16

facial and eyelid oedema , extreme fatigue, bradycardia, weight gain

Question 17

How is graves caused

Answer 17

auto antibody or TSH receptor, this stimulates hormone synthesis, leading to unregulated

Question 18

What can hyperpituitarism cause

Answer 18

adenomas ( a bengin tumour formed of epithelial tissue)

Question 19

What hormones does the posterior pituritary gland in the hypothalamus produce

Answer 19

oxytocin and ADH

Question 20

Hypopituitarism related effect

Answer 20

injury, surgery, radiation, inflammation

Question 21

What can cause hyperaldosteronism

Answer 21

conn’s disease , high renin

Question 22

What are grave’s symptoms?

Answer 22

tachycardia, increased systolic bp, breat enlargement, weight loss