Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Body systems > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Acetyl cysteine, recombinant human DNAse are examples of what, and what is their action

A

Mucolytics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of cells produce surfactant?

A

type two alveolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An FEV1/FVC ratio >0.7 indicates a

A

Restrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

An increase in pH with a decrease in temperature and a decrease in DPG concentration shifts the Hb-O2 dissociation curve to the

A

Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anti IgE monoclonal antibody (omalizumab) inhibits

A

Binding of ige to mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antimuscarinics are more effective than Beta-2 agonists in the treatment of

A

COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

d02 value?

A

1000ml/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

V02 at rest?

A

250ml/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At rest work of breathing is what % of expenditure

A

2-5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Exercising breathing is what % of expenditure?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Increased blood pressure will lead to a what in ventilation?

A

Decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Basic structure of haemoglobin (rule of 4)

A 
4 x globin chains (141-146 AAs per chain)
4 x haem groups
4 x iron atoms
and binds
4 x O2 molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Branching during development is associated with interaction of the

A

overlying visceral mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Breath sounds generated

A

large airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cheyne stokes respiration is characterised by

A

progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CO is poisonous as

A

Extremely high affinity for haemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CO2 is approximately how much more soluble in water than oxygen

A

24 times more soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Compliance is defined as

A

the change in lung volume per unit of change in intrathoracic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Continued injury to infant lungs as a result of RDS may result in

A

Detachment of alveolar lining

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dalton’s law is defined as

A

The partial pressure of a gas in a gas mixture = total pressure x fractional concentration of the gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Increased compliance is seen in what disease?

A

Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diseases with decreased compliance

A

circumferential burns, kyphosocliosis, fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Emphysema is the process of

A

widespread destruction and dilatation of distal airways due to chronic inflammation; leads to significant reduction in gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Epithelial lining of bronchioles

A

Cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

trachea and bronchi lining

A

Columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Peak of V02

A

2-3years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Flow is affected most by what?

A

radius of lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

FRC =

A

ERV+RV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

FRC typical volume

A

2500ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How much does work increase by from laminar to turbulent flow?

A

2X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

If the closing capacity exceeds FRC, the alveoli will be

A

Under perfused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Fully humidified air at 37c 02 has a value of what

A

19.95kpa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In restrictive condition how is work of breathing minimised?

A

quick shallow breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

expiratory effort uses what muscles?

A

abdo, and internal intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

infant respiratory distress syndrome is due to what?

A

lack of surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids, although 1st line regular asthma therapy, have what adverse effects

A

Iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome
Hoarse throat
Inhibition of hypothalamic pituitary axis

37
Q

innervation to the diaphragm

38
Q

Which receptors lie close to capillary walls around alveolar triggered by trauma and increase what

A

J-receptors - increase ventilation

39
Q

Lungs from which layer of the mesoderm

40
Q

Mast cell stabilisers such as cromolyn, nedocromil, inhibit

A

no effect on smooth muscle inhibit mast cell contents

41
Q

mean pulmonary capillary PO2 is very difficult to measure, what measurement is used in replacement?

A

CO diffusing capacity

42
Q

What is minute volume?

A

Tidal volume X breathinf frequency

43
Q

what is oxygen saturation?

A

Hb02 / HHB+Hb02

44
Q

Partial pressure of O2 in the alveoli is lower than in air because

A

Inspired air is humidified in the upper airway

In the alveoli oxygen is taken up while carbon dioxide is added

The body consumes more O2 molecules than it produces CO2 molecules (typically 1.25 x)

45
Q

Before what week is survival of a foetus unlikely due to lack of lung development?

46
Q

pressure is proportional to

47
Q

Restrictive lung diseases have what reduced volumes/capacities

A

RV, FRC, VC, TLC

48
Q

Rapid distention of the abdomen could indicate what?

A

treacheoosophageal fistula

49
Q

Small (0.5-3 μm) particles like Particulate pollution, stone dust, asbestos are deposited via sedimentation in the

A

BRONCHIOLES

50
Q

Surfactant is made up of what?

A

90% phospholipid and 10% protein

51
Q

Surfactant Protein B deficiency is

A

fatal, even with surfactant treatment

52
Q

terminal bronchioles form by what week in development

53
Q

Alveolar dead space defined as

A

Good ventilation but no perfusion

54
Q

Apices of lungs are how much bigger than what base

55
Q

BBB relies on what to inform its oxygenation status?

56
Q

The dorsal respiratory group has neurones that

A

inspiration

57
Q

The higher brain centres influence breathing via two methods:

A

cortical - voluntary hyperventilation/breath holding

hypothalamic - triggered by emotions or sensory reflexes to pain or cold

58
Q

Hypoxic drive?

A

Uses low 02 to drive breathing

59
Q

The influence of the pons on the medulla oblongata is by the action of two centres signalling to the dorsal respiratory group, what are they?

A

Apneustic- Stimulates

Pneumpotaxic- inhibit (toxic)

60
Q

Law of laplace ?

A

Balloons! P= 2t/r, where t = surface tension

61
Q

Week five of lung development =

A

secondary bronchi

62
Q

which histogenesis period of the lungs has primitive alveoli, occurs from week 26 to birth, and has the development of a blood-air barrier beginning the production of surfactant

A

terminal sac

63
Q

Which histogenesis period occurs 16-25 weeks, has respiratory bronchioles, vascularised mesodermal tissue

A

canilicular

64
Q

What part of the respiratory system appears at week 4 of embryological development

A

Ventral bud of lung from foregut

65
Q

haldane effect

A

deoxygenated can carry more co2

66
Q

What is the cause and mechanism of Methaemoglobin

A

drug induced

metHb does not carry oxygen due to a defective Fe3+ mechanism

67
Q

Plumonary agenisis

A

one or two sides fail of the lungs (both sides is fatal)

68
Q

VC=

A

IRV ERV and TV

69
Q

Tidal volume at rest?

70
Q

typical irv

71
Q

typical erv

72
Q

typical VC

73
Q

typical residual

74
Q

13.3kpa

A

partial pressur in alveoli

75
Q

typical co2 partial pressur ein alveoli

76
Q

TLC =

A

TV + IRV + ERV + RV

77
Q

3x co2 carriage in blood

A

Dissolved
Carbamino compounds (bound to R-NH2 groups on protein)
As carbonic acid/bicarbonate (mostly carried like this)

78
Q

The ventral respiratory group has neurones which fire

A

inspiration and expiration

79
Q

tense state of haemoglobin is

A

deoxygenated

80
Q

Protons formed from bicarb are buffered by what

81
Q

The partial pressure of a gas in solution is

A

inversely proprotional to its solubility

82
Q

on inspiration the PA and PB are related how?

A

PB>PA air drawn in

83
Q

on expiration the PA and PB are related how?

A

PA>PB air out

84
Q

IgG is found where?

A

Small airways

85
Q

IgA is found where?

A

Nose and large airways

86
Q

What zone is alveolar dead space in?

87
Q

Huffner constant

A

amount of 02 Hb can carry

88
Q

An fev1/fvc ratio less than 0.7 indicates what?

A

obstructive condition

Body systems (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions