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Body systems > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulated by hypoxia, kidneys will initiate

A

erythropoiesis by secretion of the hormone erythropoietin

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2
Q

Pre-renal AKI is caused by

A

inadequate perfusion of kidneys

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3
Q

Retroperitoneal fibrosis, renal stone disease, bladder carcinoma, prostatic enlargement, cervical carcinoma can all cause what type of AK

A

Post renal injury

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4
Q

Erythropioetin is usually required when eGFR

A

less than 15

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5
Q

Hydropnephrosis from ultrasound would indicate what?

A

Post renal AKI

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6
Q

Reference range for creatinine (male)

A

64-104

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7
Q

Nephrotic syndrome?

A

massive proteinuria, hypoalbumin, oedema, lipidurea

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8
Q

Nephritic syndrome is a presentation of glomerular disease and is characterised by

A 
haematuria
proteinuria 
hypertension
AKI
throat infection
swollen ankles
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9
Q

Management of CKD

A 
BP and cholesterol control
fluid balance
anaemia
bone metabolism
acidaemia
dietary advice
medication review
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10
Q

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is a presentation of glomerular disease and is characterised by

A

acute nephritis
AKI
Joint pains, rash, fevers, red eyes

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11
Q

Metabolic acidosis what anion gap?

A

High or normal

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12
Q

loop diuretics inhibit uptake of ?

A

Sodium, potassium, chloride, water

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13
Q

Side effect of thiazide?

A

Hypovolaemia

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14
Q

Post renal AKI is caused by what?

A

obstruction to the renal tract (anywhere from renal pelvis to urethra)

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15
Q

What part of the nephron is the site of reabsorption for Na+ with H2O and Cl- in exchange for K+ and is controlled by aldosterone?

A

Cortical collecting duct

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16
Q

Benefits, complications and contraindications of peritoneal dialysis

A

Benefits - can be done at home
Complications - peritonitis, sclerosing peritonitis
Contraindications - presence of a hernia, severe arthritis, previous surgery with adhesions

17
Q

Counter current mechanism allows what?

A

Salt and water conservation

18
Q

4 drugs that can accumulate if the kidney has been damaged

A

Antibiotics
Digoxin
Opiates
Lithium

19
Q

Recognition and treatment of hyperkalaemia

A

Peaked T wave on ECG

treat with calcium gluconate, glucose + insulin, withdraw any drugs causing hyperkalaemia, renal replacement therapy

20
Q

kidneys filter how much of cardiac output?

A

25% 2m glomeruli

21
Q

Proximal convulated tubee/ recovers how much filtrat

A

70%

22
Q

How are the kidneys part of the RAAS

A

secrete renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus, which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
as a result, patients with kidney disease often develop high b.p

23
Q

Nephron consists of?

A

glomerulus
renal tubule
interstitium
enveloping vascular network

24
Q

Decreased activation of vitamin D due to kidney disease is a cause of

A

Decreased calcium level and subsequently stimulates secretion of parathyroid hormone (secondary hyperparathyroidism), releasing calcium from the bone, i.e. renal osteodystrophy

25
Q

Contraindication for dialysis?

A

Severe cardiac failure

26
Q

Tc99 is sued for what?

A

Exact glomerular filtration rate

27
Q

How is calcium reabsorbed?

A

the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb reabsorb more than 90% of the filtered Ca2+ by passive processes that is coupled to Na+ reabsorption.

Together, the distal tubule and collecting duct reabsorb 8% of the filtered Ca2+ by an active process.

28
Q

Phosphate reabsorbed ?

A

proximal tubule

29
Q

Amino acids in urine = disease where?

A

Proximal tubule

30
Q

% of diabetics getting diabetic nephropathy?

A

20-30%

31
Q

Loop diuretics can cause what?

A

Hypokalaemia

32
Q

Medullary collecting duct?

A

Site of urine concentration

33
Q

Regeneration of bicarb dependent on what enzyme?

A

Carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide)

34
Q

Where do loop diuretics work?

A

Ascending limb

35
Q

Spironalactone acts where?

A

Cortical collecting duct

36
Q

Where do thiazides work?

A

Distal tubules

37
Q

Amiloride works where?

A

Cortical collecting

Body systems (4 decks)

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