Respiratory 3

Question 1

what is eosinophilic lung disease?

Answer 1

a broad term for an inflammatory disease: eosinophilic infiltration of the bronchi in the lungs, suspected to be a hypersensitivity response. must rule out parasites or neoplasia

Question 2

a 3 yo dog named Cookie presents for coughing, gagging, some nasal discharge, and some exercise intolerance. on CBC there is eosinophilia. differential? what diagnostics do you want to do and what do you expect to see?

Answer 2

eosinophilic lung disease

rads: bronchial to bronchiointerstitial pattern

airway sampling: eosinophils

Question 3

Cookie the dog is confirmed to have eosinophilic lung disease. how will you treat her?

Answer 3

pred 1-2mg/kg then taper

fairly good prognosis but high relapse rate

remove allergen sources and make sure to deworm them just in case!

Question 4

what pathogens are often involved in pneumonia?

Answer 4

bacteria: bordetella, mycoplasma, E coli, strep

viral: adenovirus, distemper, influenza, parainfulenza

aspiration

blastomycosis or other fungus

Question 5

true or false: it is unusual for young healthy animals to get bacterial pneumonia

Answer 5

true

Question 6

if you suspect bacterial pneumonia, you should look for underlying diseases that cause it such as:

Answer 6

megaesopahgus, laryngeal dysfunction, immunosuppression, recent anesthesia, FB

Question 7

what are some clinical signs of bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 7

cough, fever, dyspnea, lethargy, inappetence, mucopurulent nasal discharge, crackles or wheezes

rads: interstitial to alveolar pattern, usually ventral distribution

Question 8

with bacterial pneumonia what will you see on bloodwork and cytology?

Answer 8

leukocytosis with left shift, toxic changes

cytology: degenerative neutrophils, intracellular bacteria (non degenerate would be chronic bronchitis)

Question 9

how do you treat bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 9

culture and sensitivity if possible
usually 1-2 week treatments and then re-evaluate before continuing

IV fluids to help the cilia function properly!!

could give oxygen or nebulization

Question 10

what are clinical signs of pleural disease?

Answer 10

tachypnea, muffled heart and lung sounds

can be air, fluid, or tissue

Question 11

what is chylothorax and who is predisposed?

Answer 11

chyle in the pleural space caused by: trauma, idiopathic, cardiac disease, mediastinal mass, issues with thoracic duct

usually shiba inu afghan, persian cats, himalayans

Question 12

how to diagnose chylothorax?

Answer 12

fluid analysis: small lymphocytes predominate, a modified transudate or exudate

triglyceride levels: higher in the fluid than in serum

Question 13

what is fibrosing pleuritis?

Answer 13

when you keep poking the chest/repeated thoracocentesis, leading to fibrosis. the parenchyma fails to re-expand post thoracocentesis. can be a result of chronic chylothorax

Question 14

the mediastinum includes what structures?

Answer 14

heart, thymus, aorta, trachea, esophagus, vena cava, vagus sympathetic trunk, LNs

Question 15

mediastinal masses are usually:

Answer 15

lymphoma, thymoma, or abscesses/cysts

Question 16

what could be some clinical signs of mediastinal masses?

Answer 16

resp signs, decreased lung sounds due to effusion, a cranial thoracic mass, dysphagia, cough, horner’s, edema of head and neck

Question 17

what are some signs of rads of a mediastinal mass?

Answer 17

dorsal deviation of he trachea, cranial mediastinal density, mediastinal widening, displacement of lung tissue, effusion, tracheal deviation