GI 2 Flashcards
what is acute gastritis/acute gastroenteritis and what causes it?
sudden gastric insult causing vomiting
usually vomiting, +/- hematemesis, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea
causes: primary GI common, dietary indiscretion, infectious, intoxicants, etc
how to diagnose acute gastritis? treatment?
history, PE, and MEDB, usually have no GI urgency markers
tx: theraputic trial, NPO trial
what is chronic gastritis? causes?
chronic intermittent or daily vomiting, usually shortly after eating. usually no GI urgency markers but could have some derm allergies/itchy skin
caused by dietary intolerance/hypersensitivity/allergy OR could be something more serious
treatment for chronic gastritis?
a diet trial, usually something in the food is the problem
what are the 2 options for diet trials and how do they work
hydrolyzed diets: proteins are cut so small the body can’t recognize it
novel proteins: animal should have never eaten it before so body should not respond
remember, need 6-8 weeks and NO TREATS to see if this works
what should you do if your theraputic or diet trail failed?
do more diagnostics!
rads, ultrasound (better for chronic stuff), endoscope, biopsies, GI blood panel, fecal float
what is the bacteria that causes ulcers in humans but not in animals, and is often associated with chronic vomiting
helicobacter pylori
how to treat helicobacter pylori
metronidazole, amoxicillin, famotidine
what is defined as delayed gastric emptying?
outflow obstruction in the stomach or defective propulsion, usually presenting as vomiting 8-16 hrs after food (compared to chronc gastroenteritis they vomit right after food)
what is the name of the condition brachy breeds get that cause delayed gastric emptying?
pyloric hypertrophy
if an owner says their cat is coughing up hairballs, what condition could this actually be?
asthma
are cat hairballs normal?
considered abnormal if frequent or if associated with weight loss. they could mean nothing or they could be anything.
is there a way to treat hair balls?
special hair ball diets, dietary changes, brushing them do they dont groom as much, smaller meals, prokinetics, gastric lubricants, usually trial and error to see what works
true or false: gastric ulcers are common in cats and dogs
false! they are uncommon UNLESS they have a predisposing factor
what causes gastric ulcers?
decreased blood flow, hypersecretion of acid, NSAIDs and steroids, exercise induced, addisons disease, aspirin, ibuprofen
what diagnostic results will you get with a gastric ulcer?
vomiting, hematemesis, melena, pale gums, abdominal pain, shock
regenerative anemia, elevated BUN (GI breaks down the blood and the liver makes BUN),
what is bilious vomiting syndrome?
chronic intermittent vomiting of BILE secondary to reflux in the stomach. usually the dog vomits bile in the early morning. treated by giving a meal late at night and giving antacids
how is GI lymphoma different in dogs compared to cats?
dogs: nodular lesions
cats: diffuse lesions
what is acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome, aka hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE)?
a syndrome, cause not known. an acute hypersensitivity reaction, possible due to C perfringens enterotoxins. usually vomiting, small and large bowel diarrhea, hematochexia, and protein loss and dehydration. can lead to hypovolemia and shock
why do you give IV antibiotics to a parvo puppy
because the virus causes immunosuppression and can become septic
true or false: the mortality rate for feline panleukpenia is high
true, even with treatment they will likely die
infection with feline panleuk in uteruo causes
cerebellar hypoplasia
how do you diagnose giardia and how do you treat
diagnose: 3 zinc sulfate floats, or ELISA or PCR, serge likes PCR
treat: fenbendazole or metronidazole
which breed is known for getting gluten sensitive enteropathy?
irish setters
what is ARD/SIBO?
antibiotic responsive diarrhea (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth)
caused by a dysbiosis, the bacteria get all out of whack and cause malabsorption and diarrhea
primary: IgA deficinecy in the gut, GSDs
secondary: abnormal GI tract
clinical signs of ARD/SIBO? treatments
small bowel diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, borborygmi, flatus/farts, decreased appetite
make sure you eliminate other causes like EPI
treat with metronidazole, tylosin for 4-6 weeks to “restart” the bacterial balance in the GI tract
what are cobalamin and folate testing used for, what do they tell you?
both B vitamins, used as advanced GI diagnostics
cobalamin: if low can indicate IBD or bacterial overgrowth/ARB (the bacteria eat it)
folate: bacteria make it, so if increased, could suggest ARD. if decreased, suggestive of severe mucosal disease
neither of these tests are sensitive or specific
what are TLI and PLI tests used for
TLI: for EPI only, make sure fasted for 12 hrs
PLI: for pancreatitis only
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is…
insufficient synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes
usually primary in dogs and secondary in cats (chronic pancreatitis)
clinical signs of EPI and how do you diagnose and treat
steatorrhea, voluminous loose stools, weight loss, increased appetite
diagnosis: low TLI, very sensitive and specific test
treatment: pancreatic enzyme suppkementation with food, may need cobalamin supplements, high quality diets
