Ortho 3 Flashcards
what causes hip dysplasia?
genetics, environment, hip laxity
the end result of hip dysplasia is
OA
what causes hip laxity?
excessive joint fluid, low pelvic muscle mass, hormones, nutritional excess of calcium and vitamin D, increased body weight
briefly describe the biomechanics of hip laxity
normally: forces transmitted across acetabulum are equal
hip laxity: forces are increased and the centre of the joint is lateralized, and the area of force transmission is decreased. this causes inflammation, eburnation of the femoral head, OA, osteophytes, etc
clinical signs and PE findings for dogs with hip dysplasia
juveniles: sudden onset lameness, bunny hopping, difficult to rise, hip joint laxity, can improve with time
chronic: pain, DJD, sudden onset, lameness, exercise intolerance, etc
PE: wide based stance progressing to narrow based, bunny hops, weight shifting, positive orlani sign
true or false: dogs with hip dysplasia are normal at birth
true! it is developmental NOT congenital!
who gets hip dysplasia
large breed giant breed dogs
NOT sighthounds
PennHip: less than 0.3 means
more than 0.7 means
0.3: unlikely to develop OA from hip dysplasia
more than 0.7: extreme hip laxity, likely to develop OA/hip dysplasia
prophylactic surgery for hip dysplasia is only used in _______. two examples are:
skeletally immature dogs. this means you have to catch this early!
juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS): must be done before 20 weeks old
pelvic osteomty: must be younger than 10 months, way more invasive, not common, a referral procedure for sure
what salvage procedures are available for patients who have hip dysplasia and OA that are more than 1 year old?
goal is to eliminate source of pain from secondary OA!
femoral head and neck excision (FHO)
total hip replacement
true or false: hip luxation is uncommon
false, it is 90% of all joint luxations in small animals
what causes hip luxation
usually trauma, 55% of the time there are injuries to other body systems
75% of hip luxations are
craniodorsal
clinical signs of craniodorsal hip luxation vs ventral luxation
craniodorsal: pain, lameness, external rotation and adduction, limb looks shorter
ventral: pain, lameness, internal rotation and abduction, limb looks longer
if you suspect a dog has a hip luxation, how do you diagnose?
rads! VD and lateral views
