Respiratory 3 Flashcards
what is the 2 hit theory of BRDC?
that first the animal is infected with a virus like BRSV PI-3 IBR or BVDV and then that virus causes damage allowing bacteria to creep in like mannheimia haemolytica pasteurella multocida histophilus somni and mycoplasma bovis
enzootic pneumonia of calves affects animals that
are less than 6 months old, housed indoors, a dairy calf
what will you see on post mortem with enzootic pneumonia
bronchopneumonia
how does bovine respiratory syncytial virus cause disease
the virus impairs function of the alveolar macrophages leading to bacterial infections
what does BRSV cause
a bronchointerstitial pneumonia
manheimia haemolytica is a _______ bacteria of the nasopharynx that causes __________
commensal, pneumonic manheimiosis
what are the gross lesions of mannheimia pneumonia
cranioventral bronchpneumonia with abundant fibrin, on cut section their are coagulative areas of necrosis
why do you see “oat cells” on histo with mannheimia pneumonia
mannheimia haemolyticia produces a leukotoxin that lysis neutrophils and these apparently look like oats
one is one difference between pneumonia caused by p. multocida and m. heamolytica
p. multocida does not cause coagulative necrosis
histophilus somni can cause several conditions but
only one condition is usually present in any one animal
what can h. somni cause
bronchopneumonia and pleuritis, pericarditis, polyarthritis, thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
what are mycoplasmas
the smallest free living self replicating organisms that LACK A CELL WALL
how do mycoplasmas impair the respiratory tract
they adhere to the ciliated epithelium and cause ciliostasis- thus the mucocillary apparatus stops working
what is the most common mycoplasma in cattle, what disease syndromes does it cause
mycoplasma bovis
pneumonia, polyarthritis, otitis media, mastitis
secondary colonization of what pathogen is common with mycoplasm bovis
trueperella pyogenes
what gross lesions will you see with mycoplasma bovis
caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia
other than cattle, who else does mycoplasma bovis severely affect
bison
what are mycobacteria
non-motile, non-spore forming coccobacilli that must be stained with acid fast stain
what are the big 3 mycobacteria diseases in vet med
- TB
- johnes
- leprosy
what is the gross lesion associated with tb
the tubercle- nodular granuloma that is often mineralized
what are the 3 characteristic features of a tubercle on histo
- central necrosis
- small numbers of bacteria
- rim epithelioid macrophages and multinucleated giant cells
tb causes what type of pneumonia
granulomatous
tb in cattle is caused by
mycobacterium bovis and tuberculosis
what are the wildlife reservoirs in Canada for tb
cervids and bison
fog fevers actual name is
acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema
what causes fog fever, when is it likely to occur
3-methylindole toxicity- a toxic metabolite from l-tryptophan
occurs in the fall when cattle are moved onto lush pasture, about 4-10 days after
what are the gross lesions of fog fever
foam in the trachea, interstitial pneumonia , interbular and bullous emphysema
lung worm infection by Dictyocaulus viviparus causes what kind of pneumonia in cattle
granulomatous
parasitic pneumonia in small ruminants is caused by
muelleris capillaris
true or false the most common bacteria causes of pneumonia in small ruminants are the same as in cows
true
what do lentiviruses do in small ruminants
cause slowly progressive disease with no immune supression
what are the 2 lentiviruses discussed in lecture that affect goats and sheep
ovine progressive pleuropneumonia (OPP)
caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAEV)
OPP is transmitted mainly through
colostrum
what are the gross lesions of OPP
heavy pale lungs that fail to collapse, rubbery textured lungs, caudal lobes mostly affected
what are the two main clinicopathologic forms of CAEV
in adults animals viral infection is associated with arthritis
in young 2-4 month old individuals neurologic disease
what is the name for the condition that is a contagious retroviral pulmonary carcinoma mostly affected sheep
ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
in the PRDC, what are the 3 most common viruses, and what are the 3 most common bacteria
viruses: - procine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
- post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrom (porcine circovirus 2)
-swine influenza virus
bacteria: mycoplasma hypneumoniae
- actinbacillus pleuropneumoniae
pasteruella multocida
what kind of pneumonia does actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cause? what is unique about this specific pneumonia
fibrinous bronchopneumonia- different because in mainly affects the middle or caudal lobe, bronchopneumonia’s have a cranioventral pattern
what causes enzootic pneumonia in pigs
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
what are the gross lesions of enzootic pneumonia
red tan gray cranioventral lobular discoloration, rubbery firm texture
PRRSV causes what gross lesions in the lungs
lungs fail to collapse- typical features of interstitial pneumonia
clusters of alveoli that contain necrotic alveolar macrophages and aggregates of free chromatin on histo suggest
PRRS infection
what is the most consistent gross lesion with porcine circovirus 2 infection
lymphadenopathy
why are pigs considered mixing pots for influenza viruses
because they have cell surface receptors for avian human and swine influenza strains
what gross lesions do you see with SIV
bronchopneumonia, large edematous lymohnodes
define equine recurrent airway obstruction (heaves)
airway hyper responsiveness with neutrophilic airway inflammation in creased mucus production and bronchoconstriction
is airway obstruction caused by rao irreversible or reversible
reversible- caused by bronchospasm
roa targets
small bronchioles and caudorsal lung
what are the 3 important disease presenations with rhodococcus equi
- enteritis
- polyarthritis
- pneumonia
what are the gross lesions of r. equi,
pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia with tan firm raised coalescing nodules
equine bronchopneumonia is an opportunistic pneumonia commonly due to
aspiration of normal flora of the upper resp tract
what is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi? what pneumonia does this cause
its the equine lung worm, and causes granulomatous pneumonia
kennel cough is the common name for
canine infectious respiratory disease complex
what are the viral pathogens associated with CIRD
canine parainfluenxa , canine respiratory cornoavirus, canine adenocirus type 2 canine herpes virus 1
whats the most common bacterial pathogen associated with CIRDC
BORDETELLA BROCNHISEPTICA
which pathogen assocaited with CIRDC is also associated with fading puppy syndrome
canine herpesvirus 1
what is canine distemper virus and what animals does it infect
a morbilivirus that affects carnivores like canids and mustelids (fereets and mink) procyonids (raccoons) (pinnipeds (seals) felids (lions)
what do you see clinically with distemper virus
systemic disease with pathology in the resp, gi, and CNS, also maybe skin lesions, issues with teeth and eyes or abortion
what kind of pneumonia does distemper cause
interstitial
what are the characteristic histo lesions associated with distemper
cytoplasmic and intranucleat inclusions within epithelial cells and epithelial syncytia
what are the big 4 systemic mycoses, what is important to remember about them
- blastomyces dermatitidis
- coccidioides immitis
- cryptococcus neofarmans (and gatti)
- histoplasma capsulatum
all are zoonotic and all are primary pathogens, the hyphal/ mold form is infectious
what kind on pneumonia does canine herpes virus cause
bronchointersitial
which fungus causes Blastomycosis, what are the symptoms
blatomyces dermatitdis, can cause infection of the resp system, systemic infection or may be cutaneous (less common)
what is the most common cause of systemic mycotic disease in cats
cryptococcosis
what are the signs of cryptococcosis
upper resp tract infection, encephalitis
on histo, histoplasma organisms are found
within macrophages
what is the name for heart worm, clinical signs
dirofilaria immitis, pulmonary hypertension
what are the viral and bacterial pathogens for the feline resp disease complex
FHV1 Fcalici virus chlamydia felis
asthma is defined by
reversible airway obstruction
