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Anatomy for AAs > Respiratory 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three portions of the respiratory system?

A

1-air conducting portion
2- respiratory portion for gas exchange
3- mechanism for ventilation

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2
Q

Two other functions of the resp system

A

olfaction and phonation

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3
Q

nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses function

A

warming and moistening air/ filtering dust

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4
Q

what warms or cools the air?

A

venous plexus

turbulence from conchae

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5
Q

nasal cavity lining

A

pseudostratified ciliated epithelium with goblet cells

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6
Q

pharynx

A

muscular tube that connects the nasal cavities to the larynx and esophagus
base of skull- C6

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7
Q

structure of larynx

A

cartilaginous and held together by ligaments and membranes

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8
Q

supraglottis

A

inferior surface of the epiglottis to the vestibular folds

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9
Q

glottis

A

contains vocal cords and 1cm below

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10
Q

rima glottidis

A

opening between the vocal cords

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11
Q

subglottis

A

inferior border of glottis to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

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12
Q

3 unpaired cartilages in larynx

A

epiglottis
thyroid
cricoid

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13
Q

3 paired cartilages in laynx

A

arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform

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14
Q

where does the hyoid bone sit

A

superior to thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

blood supply of larynx

A

superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

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16
Q

motor and sensory innervation come from branches off what nerve?

A

vagus nerve

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17
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

sensory innervation to subglottis

motor innervation to internal muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid)

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18
Q

superior laryngeal nerve internal branch

A

sensory innervation to supraglottis

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19
Q

superior laryngeal nerve external branch

A

motor innervation to cricothyroid muscle (vocal cords)

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20
Q

causes of RLN palsy

A

apical lung tumor, thyroid cancer, aortic aneurysm

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21
Q

unilateral vs bilateral palsy

A

unilateral then one vocal cord can compensate

bilateral depends on adduction or abduction

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22
Q

mechanism of cough reflex (7)

A

1- 2.5 L air inspir
2- epiglot closes and vocal cords close
3- abdominal muscles contract push against diaphragm
4- internal intercostal contract
5- pressure builds to 100mmHg, trachea narrows
6- vocal cords and epoglot open
7- air expelled from 75-100mph

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23
Q

which main stem bronchus is shorter and wider?

A

the right

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24
Q

if a patient aspirated which bronchus are items LESS likely to fall into?

A

left

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25
when does development of the respiratory tract begin?
in week 4 with the appearance of laryngeotracheal diverticulum
26
what do the secondary of lobar bronchi make?
the number of lobes of the lungs
27
how many lobes does each side of the lung have?
Right Lung- 3 lobes (upper, middle, lower) | left lung- 2 lobes (upper and lower)
28
do the two lungs share a pleural sac?
NO they each have separate pleural sacs to protect from the spread of disease or infection
29
T/F lungs recoil to about 1/4 their size (inflated)
FALSE, 1/3 their size
30
oblique fissure
between superior or middle and inferior
31
horizontal fissure
between superior and middle
32
Which lung is heavier and wider and larger?
RIGHT LUNG
33
What fissure is found in the left lung?
oblique fissure
34
what are the two unique features of the left lung?
cardiac notch | lingula (analogous to middle lobe of right lung)
35
root of the lung
structures contained in the pulmonary sleeve and enter the hilum
36
hilum of the lung
area where structures forming the root touch the lung tissue
37
what structures form the root?
``` pulmonary arteries (superior) main bronchi (posterior) pulmonary veins (1 anterior, 1 inferior) ```
38
what surface impressions can be found on the right lung?
``` azygous vein right brachiocephalic vein SVC Esophagus heart ```
39
what surface impressions can be found on the left lung?
esophagus aorta left subclavian artery heart
40
how long is the rt main stem bronchi
2-3 cm
41
how long is the left main stem bronchi?
5cm
42
how many lobular (secondary) bronchi are on the Rt and how many on the left?
3 right | 2 left
43
how many segmental (tertiary) bronchi are on the right and left?
10 right | 8 left
44
what bronchi have cresent shaped cartilage?
lobar bronchi
45
bronchopulmonary segment
anatomical, functional and surgical unit of lung
46
what supplies blood supply to the bronchi, lung roots and supporting lung tissue?
bronchial arteries (arise from descending aorta
47
where are the nerves of the lungs derived from?
the pulmonary plexuses
48
parasympathetic
vagus nerve | secretion from glands, constriction of bronchial muscle, vasodilation
49
sympathetic
sympathetic trunk bronchodilation vasoconstriction
50
visceral/ afferent
conduct pain impulse to sensory ganglion of vagus nerve
51
asthma
narrow airway tightened muscle mucous
52
lymph nodes around bronchi
pick up carbon, dust, pollutants | travel up and out of lungs
53
visceral pleura
surrounds and touches the lungs
54
parietal pleura
covers the internal surface of the thoracic cavity
55
pleural cavity
space between pleura
56
are the pleura continuous with eachother?
yes
57
pleural recess
places where the parietal pleura is not full of the lungs
58
why is a pleural recess clinically important?
fluid collection for certain diseases
59
what are the two pleural recesses?
costomediastinal (anterior border) | costodiaphragmatic (inferior border)
60
thoracentesis
needled inserted into pleural space to remove excess fluid
61
pleural effusion
excess fluid in the pleural space
62
visceral pleura blood supply
bronchial arterial system | drains to pulmonary veins
63
parietal pleura blood supply
``` depending on the structure they cover: cervical= intercostal costal= intercostal diaphrag= intercostal & pericardiacophrenic medistinal= pericariacophrenic drainage with companion of above vessel ```
64
Visceral pleura innervatin
NONE
65
parietal pleura innervation
identical to vascular supply
66
stages of development (4)
3-16wk- formation of major airways, bronchial tree 16-24wk- periphery formed, epithelial differentiation 24-36wk- expansion of air spaces, SURFACTANT detectable 36-birth- secondary septation
67
pneumonia
swelling of alveolar walls, fluid in alveolar spaces | could result in solidifcation
68
emphysema
smoking related COPD loss of capilary and blebs
69
When would you see a barrel chest?
emphysema
70
what causes a smokers lungs to become black?
accumulation of carbon in the lymph nodes
71
bronchogenic carcinoma
could obstruct lungs and cause collapse

Anatomy for AAs (9 decks)

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