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Anatomy for AAs > Respiratory 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three portions of the respiratory system?

A

1-air conducting portion
2- respiratory portion for gas exchange
3- mechanism for ventilation

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2
Q

Two other functions of the resp system

A

olfaction and phonation

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3
Q

nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses function

A

warming and moistening air/ filtering dust

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4
Q

what warms or cools the air?

A

venous plexus

turbulence from conchae

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5
Q

nasal cavity lining

A

pseudostratified ciliated epithelium with goblet cells

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6
Q

pharynx

A

muscular tube that connects the nasal cavities to the larynx and esophagus
base of skull- C6

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7
Q

structure of larynx

A

cartilaginous and held together by ligaments and membranes

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8
Q

supraglottis

A

inferior surface of the epiglottis to the vestibular folds

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9
Q

glottis

A

contains vocal cords and 1cm below

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10
Q

rima glottidis

A

opening between the vocal cords

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11
Q

subglottis

A

inferior border of glottis to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

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12
Q

3 unpaired cartilages in larynx

A

epiglottis
thyroid
cricoid

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13
Q

3 paired cartilages in laynx

A

arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform

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14
Q

where does the hyoid bone sit

A

superior to thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

blood supply of larynx

A

superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

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16
Q

motor and sensory innervation come from branches off what nerve?

A

vagus nerve

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17
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

sensory innervation to subglottis

motor innervation to internal muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid)

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18
Q

superior laryngeal nerve internal branch

A

sensory innervation to supraglottis

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19
Q

superior laryngeal nerve external branch

A

motor innervation to cricothyroid muscle (vocal cords)

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20
Q

causes of RLN palsy

A

apical lung tumor, thyroid cancer, aortic aneurysm

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21
Q

unilateral vs bilateral palsy

A

unilateral then one vocal cord can compensate

bilateral depends on adduction or abduction

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22
Q

mechanism of cough reflex (7)

A

1- 2.5 L air inspir
2- epiglot closes and vocal cords close
3- abdominal muscles contract push against diaphragm
4- internal intercostal contract
5- pressure builds to 100mmHg, trachea narrows
6- vocal cords and epoglot open
7- air expelled from 75-100mph

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23
Q

which main stem bronchus is shorter and wider?

A

the right

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24
Q

if a patient aspirated which bronchus are items LESS likely to fall into?

A

left

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25
Q

when does development of the respiratory tract begin?

A

in week 4 with the appearance of laryngeotracheal diverticulum

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26
Q

what do the secondary of lobar bronchi make?

A

the number of lobes of the lungs

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27
Q

how many lobes does each side of the lung have?

A

Right Lung- 3 lobes (upper, middle, lower)

left lung- 2 lobes (upper and lower)

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28
Q

do the two lungs share a pleural sac?

A

NO they each have separate pleural sacs to protect from the spread of disease or infection

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29
Q

T/F lungs recoil to about 1/4 their size (inflated)

A

FALSE, 1/3 their size

30
Q

oblique fissure

A

between superior or middle and inferior

31
Q

horizontal fissure

A

between superior and middle

32
Q

Which lung is heavier and wider and larger?

A

RIGHT LUNG

33
Q

What fissure is found in the left lung?

A

oblique fissure

34
Q

what are the two unique features of the left lung?

A

cardiac notch

lingula (analogous to middle lobe of right lung)

35
Q

root of the lung

A

structures contained in the pulmonary sleeve and enter the hilum

36
Q

hilum of the lung

A

area where structures forming the root touch the lung tissue

37
Q

what structures form the root?

A 
pulmonary arteries (superior)
main bronchi (posterior)
pulmonary veins (1 anterior, 1 inferior)
38
Q

what surface impressions can be found on the right lung?

A 
azygous vein
right brachiocephalic vein
SVC
Esophagus
heart
39
Q

what surface impressions can be found on the left lung?

A

esophagus
aorta
left subclavian artery
heart

40
Q

how long is the rt main stem bronchi

A

2-3 cm

41
Q

how long is the left main stem bronchi?

A

5cm

42
Q

how many lobular (secondary) bronchi are on the Rt and how many on the left?

A

3 right

2 left

43
Q

how many segmental (tertiary) bronchi are on the right and left?

A

10 right

8 left

44
Q

what bronchi have cresent shaped cartilage?

A

lobar bronchi

45
Q

bronchopulmonary segment

A

anatomical, functional and surgical unit of lung

46
Q

what supplies blood supply to the bronchi, lung roots and supporting lung tissue?

A

bronchial arteries (arise from descending aorta

47
Q

where are the nerves of the lungs derived from?

A

the pulmonary plexuses

48
Q

parasympathetic

A

vagus nerve

secretion from glands, constriction of bronchial muscle, vasodilation

49
Q

sympathetic

A

sympathetic trunk
bronchodilation
vasoconstriction

50
Q

visceral/ afferent

A

conduct pain impulse to sensory ganglion of vagus nerve

51
Q

asthma

A

narrow airway
tightened muscle
mucous

52
Q

lymph nodes around bronchi

A

pick up carbon, dust, pollutants

travel up and out of lungs

53
Q

visceral pleura

A

surrounds and touches the lungs

54
Q

parietal pleura

A

covers the internal surface of the thoracic cavity

55
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between pleura

56
Q

are the pleura continuous with eachother?

A

yes

57
Q

pleural recess

A

places where the parietal pleura is not full of the lungs

58
Q

why is a pleural recess clinically important?

A

fluid collection for certain diseases

59
Q

what are the two pleural recesses?

A

costomediastinal (anterior border)

costodiaphragmatic (inferior border)

60
Q

thoracentesis

A

needled inserted into pleural space to remove excess fluid

61
Q

pleural effusion

A

excess fluid in the pleural space

62
Q

visceral pleura blood supply

A

bronchial arterial system

drains to pulmonary veins

63
Q

parietal pleura blood supply

A 
depending on the structure they cover:
cervical= intercostal
costal= intercostal
diaphrag= intercostal & pericardiacophrenic
medistinal= pericariacophrenic
drainage with companion of above vessel
64
Q

Visceral pleura innervatin

A

NONE

65
Q

parietal pleura innervation

A

identical to vascular supply

66
Q

stages of development (4)

A

3-16wk- formation of major airways, bronchial tree
16-24wk- periphery formed, epithelial differentiation
24-36wk- expansion of air spaces, SURFACTANT detectable
36-birth- secondary septation

67
Q

pneumonia

A

swelling of alveolar walls, fluid in alveolar spaces

could result in solidifcation

68
Q

emphysema

A

smoking related
COPD
loss of capilary and blebs

69
Q

When would you see a barrel chest?

A

emphysema

70
Q

what causes a smokers lungs to become black?

A

accumulation of carbon in the lymph nodes

71
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

could obstruct lungs and cause collapse

Anatomy for AAs (9 decks)

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