Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are the 5 functional spaces of the head?
cranial orbital ears nares oral
What are the 3 organizations of the skull?
neurocranium- top and sides basicranium- protects underneath face -front
What are the bones of the skull?
frontal bone nasal bone maxilla zygomatic bone Mandible inferior nasal concha temporal bone parietal bone occipital bone sphenoid bone Lacrimal bone palentine bones (last of hard palate) Vomer ethmoid bone
What is the notch in the orbital of the eye and why is it important?
supra-orbital notch (foramen) important for nerve blocks for the forehead
What is the foramen of the maxilla and why is it important?
infraorbital foramen important for local anesthetic for the lower eyelid to the upper lip and side of the nose (half an inch below orbital)
What is the foramen of the mandible?
mental foramen important for nerve block lower lip and chin
What is special about the occipital bone?
important for movement of the head bc it meets with spinal bones spinal column runs through it
What is special about the lacrimal bone?
hold tears for when you fail your test
What does the vomer bone do?
separates the nose into two septum
What is the foramen magnum?
Passageway for spinal cord
What nerve does the sphenoid bone provide passage for?
trigeminal nerve
What does CN1 travel through to get to the nare?
the cribiform plates
What is the sella turcica and what sits inside of it?
the pituitary gland, the depression in the sphenoid bone
What are the foramen and the cranial nerves that they travel through?
See Slide 11
What is the opening from the outside to the nose?
Nare
what is the opening from the nose to the nasopharynx?
choanae
What are the extra bones in the nose that separate the nasal pathway?
superior, middle, and inferior concha they come from the lateral walls
What is the point of the concha?
increase the surface area for nasal endothelium (it is thick and spongy)
What are the spaces created by the concha called?
superior, middle, and inferior nasal meatus
What is important about the inferior nasal meatus?
It is were you would pass a nasogastric tube passes for anesthetic
What is the spheno-ethmoidal recess?
where the CN1 comes down
What makes up the nasal septum?
ethmoid bone, vomer, and septal cartilage
How many vertebral bones are there?
33
What are the regions of the vertebrae?
Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacral (5 fused) Coccygeal (4 fused)
What are the types of curvatures of the spine?
Primary (1): kyphosis Secondary (2): lordosis functioning for center of gravity and upright posture with no muscular pressure
What are the parts of a vertebra and function?
Vertebral body- (weight support, flexible joints between) vertebral (neural) arch- (surrounding and protecting spinal cord) Articular process (additional joints) Transverse process (sites of muscle attachment) spinous process (sites of muscle attachment)
What does the vertebral arch include?
pedicle lamina (posterior)
Where is the intervertebral foramen?
between pedicles (nerves leave the spinal cord here)
What makes up a vertebral disc?
annulus fibrosis (fiber container) nucleus pulposis (gel inside)
What is the nuchal ligament?
ligament in the cervical region goes from spine all the way close to skin support and balance of the head site of attachment for neck muscles
What are the characteristics of the cervical vertebrae?
transverse foramen (vertebral arteries) bifid spine (nuchal ligament attachment) small body (less weight to support)
What are the characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae?
costal articular facets (where ribs attach)
What are the characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae?
large body (weight support)
What cervical bone has a transverse foramen that the artery does not pass through?
C7
What is C1 called and what makes it unique?
atlas atlantooccipital joint (meets the occipital bone) no body anterior and posterior arches transverse ligament hold C1 and C2 together
What is C2 called and what makes it unique?
axis dens (odontoid process [body of c1 that got stuck])
What is the yes joint?
atlantooccipital joint
what is the no joint
atlantoaxial joints
Identify the srtructure in green
basicranium
Identify the yellow structure
neurocranium
Identify the bone with the star
frontal bone
Identify the structure with the star
supra-orbital notch foramen
ID the structure with the star
nasal bone
ID the structure
zygomatic bone
ID the structure (star is meant to be on the hole)
infra orbital foramen
ID the structure
mandible
ID the structure (star is meant to be on the hole)
mental foramen
ID the structure
maxilla
ID the structure
inferior nasal concha
Id the structure
temporal bone
ID the structure
parietal bone
ID the structure
occipital bone
ID the structure
lacrimal bone
ID the structure
greater wing (of sphenoid bone)
ID the structure
vomer
ID the structure
palatine bone
Identify the foramen, bone, and cranial nerve (s) that exits here
foramen rotundum
sphenoid bone
maxillary nerve (V2)
ID the foramen, bone, and the cranial nerve(s) that exits here
foramen ovale;
sphenoid bone
mandibular nerve (V3)
ID the foramen and what exits this structure
foramen magnum
spinal cord exits here
ID the foramen, bone, and the cranial nerve(s) that exits here
internal acoustic meatus;
temporal bone
facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII)
ID the foramen, bone, and the cranial nerve(s) that exit here
jugular foramen ;
between temporal and occipital bone
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Accessory (XI)
Only bone that is not part of ethmoid bone?
inferior concha
separates left and right halves of the nasal cavity
nasal septum
The vertebral column consists of ___ bones
33
ID the type of vertebrae
cervical vertebrae
ID the vertebrae
C1 (atlas)
ID the veretebrae
C2 axis
What space is accessed during spinal anesthesia?
subarachnoid space/lumbar cistern
What meningeal layer of the spinal cord thickens to form the denticulate ligament?
pia mater
Which layer of the spinal cord meninges is continuous with the epineurium?
dura mater
vertebral bodies indirectly articulate with each other via the ___
intervertebral discs
thick and prevents hyperextension of vertebral column
anterior longitundinal ligament
weak and prevents hyperflexion
posterior longitudinal ligament
extends between transverse processes
intertransverse ligament
attaches between spinous processes of adjacent vertebra
interspinous ligament
attach to tips of the spinous process of adjacent vertebra
supraspinous ligament
