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NSG > Respiratory #2 > Flashcards

Respiratory #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Measures lung volume and airflow-

A

Pulmonary Function Test

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2
Q

Used to Diagnosis, monitors disease progression, evaluates response to bronchodilators

A

Pulmonary Function Test

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3
Q

Spirometry- given by a trained personal

A

Measures airflow.asked to take a deep breath and blow as hard as possible. Lung function test. Hand held

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4
Q

Peak Flow meter

A

Used at home. Hand help. Blows forefully and quickly. Can be done by the pt.

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5
Q

6-minute walk test

A

Measures functional capacity
Pulse ox monitored during walk

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6
Q

ABGs: Acid Base regulation

A

Buffer System, Respiratory System (happens in mins, maximum effectiveness in hours), Renal System

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7
Q

Fastest-Immediate Reaction

A

Buffer System

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8
Q

Primary Regulator

A

Buffer System

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9
Q

Neutralize Acids

A

Buffer System

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10
Q

Respiratory and Renal systems must have adequate function

A

Buffer System

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11
Q

Excrete CO2 and H20

A

Respiratory System

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12
Q

Respiratory Regulation in Medulla

A

Respiratory System

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13
Q

Normal Acid elimination

A

Renal System

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14
Q

Absorb HCO3 increasing blood PH and decreasing urine acidity

A

Renal System

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15
Q

Keep on eye of ABGs to see if

A

tx is working

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16
Q

Chemically change stronger acid to weaker ones or completely neutralize it-

A

buffer system

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17
Q

Both have to work together-

A

resp and renal

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18
Q

Lungs help maintain normal ph by excreting co2 and h2o=

A

cellular metabolism

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19
Q

Respiratory Center in the medulla controls the rate of

A

excretions of CO2

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20
Q

If co2 or hydrogen is high the respiratory system is stimulated it will

A

increase rate of breathing to get rid of CO2

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21
Q

If co2 is low the level of respirations are

A

inhibited

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22
Q

Renal system-

A

last resort, hours to days.

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23
Q

Kidney function is to balance through the

A

urine.

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24
Q

Normal ph is 6 for urine but can go to

A

4 or 8 depending what is needed.

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25
Q

Kidneys will reabsorb additional bicarb and eliminate excess of hydrogen for

A

Acidosis

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26
Q

___ normal pH

A

7.35-7.45

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27
Q

ABGs- goes on wrist.

A

Measures acidity and alkalinity in arteries.

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28
Q

Nurses need to note when the ABGs values are

A

abnormal.

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29
Q

pH “acidity” or “alkalinity”

A

7.35 – 7.45

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30
Q

PaCO2 (pulmonary) Carbon dioxide “Acid”

A

35 - 45

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31
Q

HCO3 (Kidney) Bicarbonate “Base”

A

22 - 26

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32
Q

PaO2 Oxygen Hypoxemia

A

80 - 100

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33
Q

Breath co2 and hydrogen-which is linked to acid.

A

The more co2 the higher the acid

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34
Q

Is it Acidosis or Alkalosis? pH

A

3 Step ABG Interpretation

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35
Q

Is it Respiratory or metabolic? Co2/HCo3

A

3 Step ABG Interpretation

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36
Q

Is it compensated or uncompensated?

A

3 Step ABG Interpretation

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37
Q

pH <7.35

A

Acidosis

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38
Q

pH >7.45

A

Alkalosis

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39
Q

PaCO2

A

Respiratory
Acid

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40
Q

HCO3

A

Metabolic
Base

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41
Q

PaC02- abnormal and HC03- is normal =

A

respiratory

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42
Q

HC03-abnormal and PaC02 is normal =

A

kidney

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43
Q

CO2 is high-

A

acid, lungs will breathe deep and fast to get risk of co2 loss

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44
Q

CO2 is low or alkaline=

A

respirations will be decreased

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45
Q

Kidneys will absorb the

A

bicarb

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46
Q

PaCO2 <35

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

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47
Q

PaCO2 >45

A

Respiratory Acidosis

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48
Q

HCO3 <22

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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49
Q

HCO3 >26

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

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50
Q

Respiratory acidosis is a sign of

A

respiratory failure

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51
Q

Lung working too hard- pulmonary edema, etc

A

Respiratory acidosis

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52
Q

Too slow lungs- sedated or problem with brainstem, problem with mobility, muscle paralysis of respiratory muscles

A

Respiratory acidosis

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53
Q

Respiratory acidosis Cardio symptoms

A

Low BP, v-fib, warm flushed skin

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54
Q

Respiratory acidosis Neuromuscular symptoms

A

Seizures, muscle weakness, hyperflexia

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55
Q

Respiratory acidosis S/sx

A

Hypoventilation= Hypoxia
Rapid, shallow respirations
Skin/Mucosa Pale to Cyanotic
HA
Hyperkalemia
Dysrhythmias
Drowsiness, Dizziness, Disorientation

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56
Q

Respiratory acidosis Causes

A

Respiratory depression (Anesthesia, Overdose, Increase intracranial pressure), Airway obstruction, decrease alveolar capillary diffusion (Pneumonia, COPD, ARDS, PE)

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57
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Fixing the problem

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58
Q

Respiratory Acidosis Tx: Fix respirations- exhale co2 to decrease carbonic acid in blood

A
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59
Q

Respiratory Acidosis Tx: Bronchodilators-

A

reverse airway obstruction (inflammation)
Beta agonist- albuterol
Anticholinergic- ipratropium
Methylxanthines- theophylline

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60
Q

Respiratory Acidosis Tx: Respiratory stimulants-

A

to increase respiratory drive and help breathe.

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61
Q

Respiratory Acidosis Tx: Increase respiratory drive and stimulate ventilation, pts w copd

A

can have respiratory acidosis.

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62
Q

Respiratory Acidosis Tx: Diuretic- acetazolamide-

A

causes metabolic acidosis by increasing bicarb excretion causing body to increase body ventilation.

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63
Q

Respiratory Acidosis Tx: Drug antagonists-Antidotes- reverse effects-

A

Narcan, flumazenil-reverse effects of benzodiazepines

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64
Q

Respiratory Acidosis Tx: O2 improves gas exchange.

A

Prevent hypoxemia and restore acid base balance.

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65
Q

CO2 is the main drive for

A

breathing.

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66
Q

Copd patients do not have the drive anymore.

A

O2 sat 88-92 percent is normal.

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67
Q

Respiratory Acidosis Tx: Vent

A

Support

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68
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis:

A

pH: >7.45 and PaCO2 <35

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69
Q

Hyperventilation with anxiety (Rapid rate)

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

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70
Q

Hypoxemia (primary cause of alkalosis)

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

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71
Q

Pneumonia

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

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72
Q

Pulmonary Embolus

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

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73
Q

Pregnancy (normal finding)

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

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74
Q

Ventilatory settings too high or too fast

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

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75
Q

High altitudes

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

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76
Q

Liver failure

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

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77
Q

Septicemia (fever)

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

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78
Q

Stroke

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

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79
Q

Overdose of salicylates or progesterone

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

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80
Q

Seizures
Deep Rapid Breathing

A

Respiratory Alkalosis s/sx

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81
Q

Hyperventilation
Tachycardia

A

Respiratory Alkalosis s/sx

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82
Q

Low or normal BP

A

Respiratory Alkalosis s/sx

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83
Q

Hypokalemia
Numbness and tingling of extremities

A

Respiratory Alkalosis s/sx

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84
Q

Lethargy and confusion

A

Respiratory Alkalosis s/sx

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85
Q

Light headedness
N/V

A

Respiratory Alkalosis s/sx

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86
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis causes

A

Hyperventilation (Anxiety, PE, Fear)
Mechanical Ventilation

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87
Q

Treat underlying cause to resolve problem

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Tx

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88
Q

Decrease tidal volume or resp rate- slow down

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Tx

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89
Q

Pain control/sedation-help with anxiety

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Tx

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90
Q

Breathe into paper bag- Used during acute episodes

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Tx

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91
Q

Antidepressants- to depress CNS and help slow down breathing. Unresponsive to paper bag or decrease stress.

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Tx

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92
Q

Correct Co2 slowly to prevent metabolic acidosis. The kidney will try to compensate and decrease bicarb reabsorption.

A

Respiratory Alkalosis Tx

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93
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

pH < 7.35 HCo3 < 22

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94
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis- accumulation of acid. Keto acid accumulation

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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95
Q

Lactic acidosis- accumulation of acid, pts that have shock

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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96
Q

Starvation

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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97
Q

Diarrhea- losing bicarb

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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98
Q

Renal tubular acidosis

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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99
Q

Renal failure

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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100
Q

GI fistulas

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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101
Q

Shock

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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102
Q

Ileostomy- risk for metabolic acidosis bc fluid is

A

higher than the plasma

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103
Q

Carbonic acid accumulates in the body and losing bicarb through body fluids

A

metabolic acidosis

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104
Q

Always accompined with hyperkalemia

A

metabolic acidosis

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105
Q

Metabolic acidosis S/Sx

A

HA, Decreased BP, Hyperkalemia, Muscle twitching, Warm flushed skin, N/V/D, LOC changes, Kussmaul respirations (compensatory hyperventilation).

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106
Q

Metabolic acidosis Causes

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Severe diarrhea, Renal Failure, Shock

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107
Q

Raise plasma pH > 7.20

A

Metabolic Acidosis Tx

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108
Q

Treat underlying cause to get problem resolved faster

A

Metabolic Acidosis Tx

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109
Q

Sodium Bicarb

A

Metabolic Acidosis Tx

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110
Q

Follow ABGs- to track pt and to see if better

A

Metabolic Acidosis Tx

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111
Q

Continuously monitor patient.- vital signs

A

Metabolic Acidosis Tx

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112
Q

Kidney-

A

potassium bicarbonate

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113
Q

Diabetic Keto Acidosis-

A

Insulin and hydration

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114
Q

Lactic acid-

A

bicarbonate and reversal agent for ethanol and methanol poising

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115
Q

Sodium bicarbonate low- give

A

bicarbonate

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116
Q

If pt not responding to therapy give-

A

sodium bicarbonate meanwhile

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117
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

pH > 7.45 HCO3 > 26

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118
Q

Metabolic alkalosis Causes

A

Vomiting
NG suctioning
Diuretic therapy- loss acid, potassium, and gi/renal hydrogen. Decrease in chloride.
Hypokalemia
Excess bicarb intake

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119
Q

Loses potassium

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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120
Q

Seeing in pts overusing antacids- makes gut alkaline

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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121
Q

Lose much bicarbonate and little acid

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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122
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis s/sx

A

Restlessness followed by lethargy, dysrhythmias, Compensatory hypoventilation, confusion (Decreased LOC, Dizzy, Irritable), N/V/D, tremors, muscle cramps, tingling of fingers and toes

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123
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis Cause

A

Severe vomiting
Excessive GI suctioning
DIuretics
Excessive NaHCO3 (Sodium Bicarbonate)

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124
Q

Treat underlying cause

A

Metabolic alkalosis tx

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125
Q

Stop K+ wasting diuretics- change to loop or thiazide like diuretics

A

Metabolic alkalosis tx

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126
Q

Spironolactone- potassium sparing

A

Metabolic alkalosis tx

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127
Q

Acetazolamide- potassium sparing

A

Metabolic alkalosis tx

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128
Q

IV fluids- NS

A

Metabolic alkalosis tx

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129
Q

Sodium chloride

A

Metabolic alkalosis tx

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130
Q

Replace K+ by food or IV therapy

A

Metabolic alkalosis tx

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131
Q

Monitor Resp rate- respirations decreased which leads to hypoxia. if any decrease in oxygenation report to doctor

A

Metabolic alkalosis tx

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132
Q

Monitor HR- changes due to electrolyte disturbances

A

Metabolic alkalosis tx

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133
Q

Seizure precautions

A

Metabolic alkalosis tx

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134
Q

Change in o2 sats put them on high flow non rebreather mask, seizure precaution (electrolyte imbalance)

A

Metabolic alkalosis tx

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135
Q

Sodium choride- helps sodium, fluid, and water

A

Metabolic alkalosis tx

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136
Q

Be careful with HF and renal insufficiency

A

Metabolic alkalosis tx

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137
Q

Pt has large amout of mucosity (thick)- position to help move secretions in the lungs

A

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT)

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138
Q

Group with physical therapy technique to improve function and breath better

A

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT)

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139
Q

Expands lungs- strengthens muscles, loosens and drain thick lung secretion

A

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT)

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140
Q

Needed to unclog the airways, uses gravity, and percussion

A

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT)

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141
Q

Head should be lower than the chest

A

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT)

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142
Q

Same intention connected to machine.

A

High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation Vest

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143
Q

Vibration at high vibration.

A

High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation Vest

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144
Q

Every 5 minutes the pt is supposed to cough and bring out secretion

A

High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation Vest

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145
Q

Incentive speedometer- common

A

Vibratory Positive Expiratory Pressure Device (PEP)

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146
Q

Causes vibration also to remove secretions
Hand held

A

Vibratory Positive Expiratory Pressure Device (PEP)

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147
Q

Establish a patent airway due to mass- temporary or permanent.

A

TRACHEOSTOMY needed

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148
Q

Object not allowing person to take breaths

A

TRACHEOSTOMY needed

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149
Q

Bypass an upper airway obstruction

A

TRACHEOSTOMY needed

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150
Q

Facilitate removal of secretions

A

TRACHEOSTOMY needed

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151
Q

Permit long term mechanical ventilation

A

TRACHEOSTOMY needed

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152
Q

Facilitate weaning from mechanical vent

A

TRACHEOSTOMY needed

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153
Q

Surgical creates stoma in interior portion of trachea

A

TRACHEOSTOMY

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154
Q

Post op- NPO

A

TRACHEOSTOMY

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155
Q

Monitoring for abnormal lung sounds, check o2 sats min q4h.
Post op more often- when they get there q 15 mins, q30 mins, q1h

A

TRACHEOSTOMY

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156
Q

Nothing restricting the stoma

A

TRACHEOSTOMY

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157
Q

Inflated cuff most common with mechanical ventilation or pts at risk for ventilation or no cuff

A

TRACHEOSTOMY

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158
Q

Cuffless- for pts with longer term trache for eating and talking. Inner part, may be fenestrate (hole) to allow pts to breathe and speak

A

TRACHEOSTOMY

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159
Q

Trachcolar to keep in place

A

TRACHEOSTOMY

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160
Q

Not much humidity there where the ostomy is. If have humidifier watch for condensation

A

TRACHEOSTOMY

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161
Q

Will require a sterile field

A

Tracheostomy Care

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162
Q

Will require use of solutions from non-sterile containers

A

Tracheostomy Care

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163
Q

Will require oxygen and suction

A

Tracheostomy Care

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164
Q

Delegation: established trachs may delegate to unlicensed personnel, but

A

new fresh trachs, RN’s must perform the care and assess

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165
Q

Use only sterile manufacture precut dressings or folded 4X4,

A

never use cotton-filled gauze sponge.
Already prepared for cleaning

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166
Q

EBP: patient may aspirate

A

cotton or gauze fibers

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167
Q

If there is powder, hair or chemicals present-

A

protect trachea ostomy

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168
Q

Assess patient’s respiratory status prior to care

A

Tracheostomy Care Assessment

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169
Q

Respiratory rate, depth, rhythm, breath sounds, color, pulse oximetry (determines whether patientcan tolerate trach care)

A

Tracheostomy Care Assessment

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170
Q

Assess trach site for drainage, redness or swelling (indications of infection)

A

Tracheostomy Care Assessment

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171
Q

Assess when patient last ate, schedule care at least 3 hours after meal to decrease risk of vomiting oraspirating stomach contents

A

Tracheostomy Care Assessment

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172
Q

Shouldn’t be taking a long time

A

Tracheostomy Care Assessment

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173
Q

If any think yellow tenuous secretion-

A

sign of infection

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174
Q

-Lower head of the bed to access trach

A

dressing and ties

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175
Q

-Loosen one side of trach ties, remove

A

old dressing and discard with gloves

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176
Q

-Prepare sterile field and

A

loosen caps to sterile saline

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177
Q

-Open sterile gloves and don

A

ENSURE contents of the tray remain dry*

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178
Q

-Using non-dominate hand open and pour sterile saline into each

A

compartment of the tray

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179
Q

-Remove inner cannula of trach and place in larger compartment

A

CLEAN PROCEDURE

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180
Q

-Use the brush to clean the inner cannula thoroughly with

A

saline

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181
Q

-Rinse inner cannula by immersing in one compartment of

A

sterile saline

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182
Q

-Use pipe cleaners to dry .

A

inner cannula thoroughly

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183
Q

-Replace inner

A

cannula

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184
Q

-Use sterile swabs and remaining UNUSED compartment of sterile saline to

A

cleanse stoma area.

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185
Q

-Pat stoma dry with sterile

A

4x4

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186
Q

-Replace sterile trach

A

dressing.

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187
Q

Re-secure

A

trach tie.

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188
Q

Date and time performed

A

Tracheostomy CareDocumentation

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189
Q

Note color, amount consistency and odor of secretions

A

Tracheostomy CareDocumentation

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190
Q

Note condition of stoma and skin around stoma site, any drainage, redness, or swelling

A

Tracheostomy CareDocumentation

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191
Q

Document respiratory status before and after

A

Tracheostomy CareDocumentation

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192
Q

Patient’s tolerance of procedure

A

Tracheostomy CareDocumentation

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193
Q

Note any problems that arose and interventions provided for those problems

A

Tracheostomy CareDocumentation

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194
Q

On documentation always-

A

how you found the patient, what you did in-between, and how you leaving patient

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195
Q

Suction only when necessary

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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196
Q

Use suction catheter no more than ½ size of internal diameter of airway tube

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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197
Q

Adjust suction regulator per policy, lowest possible setting to accomplish suction (just to remove secretion:
Adults 100-150 mm Hg
Children: 100-120 mm Hg
Infants: 50-95 mm Hg

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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198
Q

Too much secretion=

A

suction

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199
Q

Suction only when necessary.

A

The more suction the more mucus.

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200
Q

Dominant hand sterile, non-dominant hand unsterile

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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201
Q

Dominant hand sterile, non-dominant hand unsterile

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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202
Q

Place patient in semi-fowler position

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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203
Q

Hyperoxygenate patient prior to suction

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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204
Q

Insert catheter gently without applying suction (closing suction opening with thumb)

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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205
Q

Place pt in semifolwers position, hyper oxygenate(take deep breaths) insert gently then when coming out apply suction

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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206
Q

Do NOT force catheter

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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207
Q

Do NOT apply suction as you enter the airway

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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208
Q

Rotate the suction catheter when withdrawing it

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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209
Q

Apply suction as you remove the catheter but no longer than 15 seconds

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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210
Q

Avoid saline lavage during suctioning

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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211
Q

Repeat suction as needed allowing 30 second intervals hyper oxygenate between passing catheter

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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212
Q

When suctioning is completed, provide oxygen source

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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213
Q

Provide oral care

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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214
Q

Reposition patient

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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215
Q

Provide for safety

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy

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216
Q

Date and time suction was performed

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy: Documentation

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217
Q

Note suction techniques (sterile) and catheter size used

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy: Documentation

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218
Q

Note color, consistency, and odor of secretions

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy: Documentation

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219
Q

Document patient’s respiratory status before and after the procedure

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy: Documentation

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220
Q

Document patient’s tolerance of procedure and any complications encountered

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy: Documentation

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221
Q

Document any interventions performed to address complications.

A

Suctioning Tracheostomy: Documentation

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222
Q

Epistaxis- Nose bleed.

A
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223
Q

Mucosa erodes and vessels become exposed and break.

A

Epistaxis Patho/Etiology

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224
Q

Caused by trauma, mucosa irritation, inflammation, tumors, septal abnormalities, foreign bodies, prolonged inhalation of dry air, hypertension, migraines, heat.

A

Epistaxis Patho/Etiology

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225
Q

Nose bleeding

A

Epistaxis S/Sx

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226
Q

Monitor h&h

A

Epistaxis Diagnostic/Labs

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227
Q

Apply pressure.

A

Epistaxis Interventions

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228
Q

Forward and down.

A

Epistaxis Interventions

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229
Q

Breathe through mouth.

A

Epistaxis Interventions

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230
Q

If not stopping may need to cauterize to stop bleeding.

A

Epistaxis Interventions

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231
Q

Packing-folded gauze with petroleum or nasal tampon.

A

Epistaxis Interventions

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232
Q

If bleeding more towards back will do a balloon system through the mouths

A

Epistaxis Interventions

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233
Q

Topical vasoconstriction.

A

Epistaxis Medications

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234
Q

Large bleed- or tetracaine, or lidocaine solution, 4% cocaine solution.

A

Epistaxis Medications

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235
Q

Hemostatic packing with absorbable gelatin

A

Epistaxis Medications

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236
Q

Nose bleeding disorder

A

Epistaxis

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237
Q

Epistaxis Patho/Etiology

A

Dry cracked mucosa and Trauma

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238
Q

Dry cracked mucosa Meds

A

Nasal Saline

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239
Q

Trauma Interventions

A

Ice Packs
Pressure

240
Q

Pressure interventions

A

Pack with petroleum or iodoform gauze
Rapid Rhino / small foley cath / nasal tampons

241
Q

Pack with petroleum or iodoform gauze Medications

A

Antibiotics

242
Q

Pack with petroleum or iodoform gauze
Rapid Rhino / small foley cath / nasal tampons
Conceptual concern

A

Gas exchange/Oxygenation

243
Q

Epistaxis Interventions

A

Sit upright leaning forward
Educate not to blow nose x 48 hrs, avoid nose picking, avoid bending over

244
Q

Epistaxis S/Sx

A

Nose Bleed

245
Q

Epistaxis/Nose Bleed Conceptual Concern

A

Clotting

246
Q

Clotting Interventions

A

Monitor Vitals and Bleeding

247
Q

Clotting Medications

A

Phenylephrine-vasoconstriction
Silver nitrate- to clot

248
Q

Clotting Labs/Diagnostics

A

Hgb

249
Q

At Home tx for epistaxis

A

Pinch tip of nose with two fingers for 15-20 mins
Sit up
Slightly lean forward and tilt head forward

250
Q

If bleeding continues use

A

topical nasal sprays- vasoconstricts and local anesthetics

251
Q

If medication doesn’t work

A

posterior epistaxis

252
Q

Hospital setting tx

A

In case of recurrent or non stopbleeding
Nasal packing- insert gauze like material or nasal tampon in nasal cavity

253
Q

Nasopharyngeal cancer-

A

recurring nosebleeds

254
Q

Inflammation of sinuses

A

Sinusitis Patho/Etiology

255
Q

Due to bacterial infection, upper respiratory illness.

A

Sinusitis Patho/Etiology

256
Q

Most commong organism is streptococcus pneumonia and hemophilius influenzas.

A

Sinusitis Patho/Etiology

257
Q

Can be acute or chornic and unresponsive to tx.

A

Sinusitis Patho/Etiology

258
Q

Maxillary and ethmoid sinus are most effected

A

Sinusitis Patho/Etiology

259
Q

Nasal inflammation, thick discolored discharge,

A

Sinusitis S/Sx

260
Q

runny noise, nasal drainage,

A

Sinusitis S/Sx

261
Q

stuffy nose, difficulty through nose,

A

Sinusitis S/Sx

262
Q

pain and swelling eyes, cheeks, nose, forehead.

A

Sinusitis S/Sx

263
Q

Reduced sense of smell and taste.
Ear pain, headache, aching up upper jaw and teeth, sore throat, bad breath, fatigue

A

Sinusitis S/Sx

264
Q

Insensitive nasal swab to determine antibiotics.

A

Sinusitis Diagnostics/Labs

265
Q

Xray for sinus problems. Nasal endoscopy. Ct scan, MRI

A

Sinusitis Diagnostics/Labs

266
Q

Nasal irrigation with NS solution to clear mucous

A

Sinusitis Interventions

267
Q

Can give warm packs for 1 2 hours twice a day and to decrease inflammation.

A

Sinusitis Interventions

268
Q

Oral fluids and humidifier helps loosen secretion.

A

Sinusitis Interventions

269
Q

Antihistamines can help dry secretions.

A

Sinusitis Interventions

270
Q

If tx doesn’t work they will drain sinus and irrigate with NS and antibiotic solution.

A

Sinusitis Interventions

271
Q

Nasal spray, fluticasone or Flonase (corticosteroid).

A

Sinusitis Interventions

272
Q

Constrict blood vessels- osetavesolamine be cautious with heart problems. Used up to three day bc will cause rebound congestion

A

Sinusitis Interventions

273
Q

Acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever.
Antibiotics for most sinus infections.

A

Sinusitis Meds

274
Q

Benedryl makes mucus thick can cause

A

bronchitis.

275
Q

Inflammation of sinuses disorder

A

Sinusitis

276
Q

Sinusitis Patho/Etiology

A

Inflammation of sinus membranes, Allergies, NG tube irrigation and Bacteria/Virus/Fungus

277
Q

Inflammation of sinus membranes conceptual concern

A

inflammation

278
Q

Inflammation of sinus membranes s/sx

A

Swelling/Inflammation, Pain

279
Q

Inflammation of sinus membranes interventions

A

Warm moist packs

280
Q

Swelling/Inflammation meds

A

Adrenergic nasal sprays (Afrin), Corticosteriods (Flonase)

281
Q

Adrenergic nasal sprays (Afrin) Interventions

A

Educate to only use for up to 3 days

282
Q

Pain interventinos

A

Semi fowlers position

283
Q

Pain meds

A

Analgesics (Acetaminophen, ibuprofen)

284
Q

bacteria/Virus/Fungus medications

A

antibiotics

285
Q

Antibiotics labs/diagnostics

A

culture

286
Q

Bacteria/Virus/Fungus S/Sx

A

Purulent nasal discharge

287
Q

Purulent nasal discharge labs/diagnostics

A

Culture

288
Q

Purulent nasal discharge intervention

A

8-10 glasses of water and generalized fatigue to rest

289
Q

Purulent nasal discharge Meds

A

Nasal irrigation

290
Q

Purulent nasal discharge conceptual concern

A

Gas Exchange / Oxygen

291
Q

Bacteria / Virus / Fungus conceptual concern

A

Infection

292
Q

Bacteria / Virus / Fungus S/sx

A

Fever, generalized fatigue

293
Q

Inflammation of nasal mucous membrane, release of histamine that causes vasodilation and edema.

A

Viral Rhinitis Patho/Etiology

294
Q

Pollen, dust, foods cause.
Viral infection like common cold, rhinovirus or bacterial infection

A

Viral Rhinitis Patho/Etiology

295
Q

Slow onset, nasal congestion, localized itching, cough, sneezing, sore throat, nasal discharge.

A

Viral Rhinitis S/Sx

296
Q

Rare head ache. Malaise, fever, commonly muscle aches

A

Viral Rhinitis S/Sx

297
Q

throat culture and rapid flu.

A

Viral Rhinitis Labs/Diagnostics

298
Q

Control stress.
Stop slow down drinking.
Stay away allergens dander dust pollen and mold.

A

Viral Rhinitis Interventions

299
Q

Does not cure but tx symptoms OTC Ibrophen, Tylenol, Vicks, nasal spray, cough drops, syrups and warm fluids to sooth the throat

A

Viral Rhinitis Meds

300
Q

Inflammation of nasal mucous membrane disorder

A

Viral Rhinitis (Common Cold)

301
Q

Viral Rhinitis (Common Cold) Patho/Etiology

A

Inflammation of nasal membranes, Virus, Rhinovirus

302
Q

Inflammation of nasal membranes s/sx

A

Sore throat, nasal congestion

303
Q

Inflammation of nasal membranes conceptual concern

A

Inflammation

304
Q

Sore throat labs/diagnostics

A

Throat culture or rapid flu test

305
Q

nasal congestion intervetions

A

Fluids

306
Q

nasal congestion S/Sx

A

Nasal discharge, Localized itching, and sneezing

307
Q

nasal congestion meds

A

decongestants

308
Q

Virus conceptual concern

A

Infection

309
Q

Virus S/Sx

A

Fever, Malaise

310
Q

Virus interventions

A

Educate why antibiotics are not used

311
Q

Malaise intervention

A

Rest

312
Q

Viral Rhinitis (Common Cold) labs/diagnostics

A

s/sx to diagnose

313
Q

Sore throat.
Inflammation of pharynx main cause if viral

A

Pharyngitis patho/etiology

314
Q

Sore throat, dysphagia due to inflammation.
Red swollen with exudate(bacterial infection).
Can be accompanied by fever child and headache

A

Pharyngitis s/sx

315
Q

Strep, throat culture, sensitivity test

A

Pharyngitis labs/diagnostics

316
Q

Salt water gargles and honey (antibacterial), lemon mixed with warm water and push fluids

A

Pharyngitis Interventions

317
Q

Antibiotics if bacterial-penicillin. Tylenol. Throat Lozenges

A

Pharyngitis Meds

318
Q

Inflammation of pharynx disorder

A

Pharyngitis

319
Q

Pharyngitis Patho/etiology

A

Inflammation of pharynx, Virus, Bacteria, Beta-hemolytic streptococci

320
Q

Inflammation of pharynx CC

A

Inflammation

321
Q

Beta-hemolytic streptococci causes

A

Strep throat

322
Q

Strep throat not treated can cause -

A

Rheumatic fever-may go away or cause problems in long run
Glomerulonephritis-damage inside kidney

323
Q

Strep Throat Labs/diagnostics

A

Rapid strep test

324
Q

Rapid strep test meds

A

Antibiotics (Penicillin)

325
Q

Bacteria labs/diagnostics

A

Throat culture and sensitivity

326
Q

Throat culture and sensitivity meds

A

Antibiotics (Penicillin)

327
Q

Bacteria s/sx

A

Fever/chills, exudate, generalized malaise

328
Q

Fever/chills meds

A

Acetaminophen

329
Q

Bacteria CC

A

Infection

330
Q

Fever/chills interventions

A

fluids

331
Q

generalized malaise interventions

A

Rest

332
Q

Exudate s/sx

A

Sore throat that is red and swollen and dysphagia

333
Q

Sore throat that is red and swollen meds

A

throat lozenges

334
Q

Sore throat that is red and swollen interventions

A

saltwater

335
Q

Pharyngitis pediatric considerations

A

Highest incidence in ages 4-7

336
Q

Occurs when filtering function of the tonsils become overwhelmed with virus or bacteria and results in infection.

A

Tonsillitis Patho/Etiology

337
Q

Masses of lymphoid tissue that lie on each side of pharynx. Filter micro organisms protects lungs.

A

Tonsils

338
Q

Viral bc of bacterial-stepococcus aureus and influenza.

A

Tonsillitis Patho/Etiology

339
Q

Pneumococcus species tonsillitis more prevalent in children but more serious in adults

A

Tonsillitis Patho/Etiology

340
Q

Sore throat. Pain when swallowing, ear ache, temp 100.4

A

Tonsillitis S/Sx

341
Q

Chills. Malaise. Headache. Muscle pain. Redness with selling.

A

Tonsillitis S/Sx

342
Q

Culture and sensitivity of tonsils and throat. WBCs count.
Vitals for fever and visual inspection of tonsils

A

Tonsillitis L/D

343
Q

Yellow or white exudate on tonsils. Symptoms sudden and will go away within 3-4 days

A

Tonsillitis S/Sx

344
Q

Monitor airways.
push fluids.
encourage rest. Put high fowlers to breathe better. Worst case- tonsillectomy

A

Tonsillitis interventions

345
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Tonsillitis Meds

346
Q

Inflammation of the tonsils disorder

A

Tonsillitis

347
Q

Tonsillitis s/sx

A

HA, pain on swallowing, sore throat Malaise, Fever/Chills, Myalgia

348
Q

Headache and sore throat meds

A

acetaminophen

349
Q

Pain on swallowing interventions

A

Saltwater gargles

350
Q

Sore throat s/sx

A

red and swollen tonsils with exudate

351
Q

red and swollen tonsils with exudate interventions

A

Monitor airway, tonsillectomy

352
Q

tonsillectomy interventions

A

monitor for bleeding, semi fowlers, keep suction equipment readily available

353
Q

red and swollen tonsils with exudate CC

A

Gas exchange, oxygen and inflamamtion

354
Q

Myalgia meds

A

acetaminophen

355
Q

Malaise interventions

A

rest

356
Q

Fever/chills interventions

A

fluids

357
Q

Tonsillitis Pediatric concerns

A

Highest incidence in ages 4-7

358
Q

Tonsillitis etiology

A

virus/bacteria

359
Q

Virus and bacteria L/D

A

Throat and culture sensitivity and WBC with differential

360
Q

Virus and bacteria CC

A

Infection

361
Q

Bacteria meds

A

antibiotics

362
Q

If big tonsils-

A

monitor airway or tonsillectomy

363
Q

If bleeding call doctor asap
Cold shakes/ice cream

A

Tonsillitis

364
Q

Viral infection of respiratory tract.

A

Influenza patho/etiology

365
Q

Young children and critical patients, and older at increased risk complications such as immunocompromised system= death.

A

Influenza patho/etiology

366
Q

Transsmsion of cough- droplet and contact with object that has virus. 1-3 days incubation

A

Influenza patho/etiology

367
Q

Fever, aching muscles, chills, sweat, tiredness weakness, stuffy nose, sore throat, eye pain, vomiting diarrhea common in children

A

Influenza s/sx

368
Q

Throat culture and flu test

A

Influenza L/D

369
Q

Rest fluids

A

Influenza interventions

370
Q

Acetaminophen. Aspirin. Antiviral meds-tamaflu

A

Influenza meds

371
Q

Viral infection of respiratory tract disorder

A

Influenza

372
Q

Influenza S/Sx

A

Malaise, HA, Sore throat, myalgia, fever/chills

373
Q

Malaise interventions

A

rest

374
Q

Acetaminophen pediatric consideration

A

avoid aspirin

375
Q

HA and Myalgia meds

A

acetaminophen

376
Q

Myalgia CC

A

Comfort

377
Q

Fever/Chills interventions

A

fluids and monitor for dehydration

378
Q

Influenze Patho/etiology

A

Virus

379
Q

Virus meds

A

Antivirals (Tamiflu)

380
Q

Virus L/D

A

Viral throat culture rapid flu test

381
Q

Viral throat culture rapid flu test CC

A

Infection

382
Q

Virus patho/etiology

A

Transmitted via droplets and physical contact

382
Q

Transmitted via droplets s/sx

A

cough

383
Q

vitals and lung sounds q4h disorder

A

pneumonia

384
Q

cough interventions

A

vitals and lung sounds q4h

385
Q

Transmitted via physical contact interventions

A

hand hygiene

386
Q

Virus interventions

A

preventative measures

387
Q

preventative measures meds

A

antivirals(tamiflu) and flu vaccine

388
Q

flu vaccine interventions

A

Assess Allergies/ Educate

389
Q

Could develop pneumonia- common complication monitor ABGs

A

Influenza

390
Q

Avoid crowds for flu season, sharing food and drinks/utensils

A

Influenza

391
Q

Antibiotics not effective for viruses

A

Influenza

392
Q

Cold Onset

A

Slow

393
Q

Cold fever

A

none or low grade

394
Q

cold HA

A

rar

395
Q

cold myalgia

A

less common

396
Q

cold cough

A

present

396
Q

cold chest pain

A

absent

396
Q

cold fatigue

A

slight

397
Q

cold sore throat

A

common

397
Q

cold runny nose

A

common

398
Q

cold complications

A

rare

399
Q

cold tx

A

rest/fluids

400
Q

flu onset

A

sudden

401
Q

flu fever

A

comon

402
Q

flu HA

A

common

403
Q

flu myalgia

A

common (severe)

403
Q

flu chest pain

A

common

403
Q

flu fatigue

A

common (prolonged)

404
Q

flu cough

A

present (dry)

405
Q

flu runny nose

A

less common

405
Q

flu complications

A

pnemonia

405
Q

flu sore throat

A

less common

405
Q

Bacterial Infection onset

A

usually slow

406
Q

flu tx

A

rest/fluids and antivirals (Tamiflu)

407
Q

Bacterial Infection HA

A

less common

407
Q

Bacterial Infection fever

A

common

407
Q

Bacterial Infection Myalgia

A

less common

408
Q

Bacterial Infection chest pain

A

common

408
Q

Bacterial Infection fatigue

A

common

408
Q

Bacterial Infection cough

A

present (dry/productive)

408
Q

Bacterial Infection runny nose

A

less common

409
Q

Bacterial Infection sore throat

A

less common

410
Q

Bacterial Infection complications

A

pneumonia

411
Q

Bacterial Infection tx

A

antibiotics

412
Q

inflammation of the bronchial tree s/sx

A

excessive mucus and congested airways

412
Q

Acute bronchitis patho/etiology

A

virus, inflammation of the bronchial tree

413
Q

Inflammation of Bronchial Tree patho/etiology

A

Occurs >3 months of year x 2 years

413
Q

Occurs >3 months of year x 2 years disorder

A

chronic bronchitis

414
Q

Dilation of the bronchiole airways where area becomes scarred.

A

Bronchiectasis patho/etiology

415
Q

Can be localized in the bronchus then goes to the lungs.

A

Bronchiectasis patho/etiology

416
Q

Excessive sections = risk for infections.

A

Bronchiectasis patho/etiology

417
Q

It’s a secondary disease from asthma.

A

Bronchiectasis patho/etiology

418
Q

Inflammation of the airways (comes after dilation), dyspnea. cough, purulent sputum, bloody sputum (hemoptysis)

A

Bronchiectasis s/sx

419
Q

sputum culture to know organism. Xray, CT and lung function tests.

A

Bronchiectasis D/L

420
Q

Chest Physiotherapy
Flu and pneumonia shot encouragement

A

Bronchiectasis interventions

421
Q

Azithromycin.

A

Bronchiectasis meds

422
Q

If they develop distended neck veins- call provider bc life threatening condition

A

Bronchiectasis meds

423
Q

Bronchiectasis patho/etiology

A

Secondary to chronic respiratory disorder

424
Q

Secondary to chronic respiratory disorder
L/D

A

Chest x-ray / CT Scan
Bronchoscopy

425
Q

inflamed airways meds

A

bronchodilators and corticosteroids/leukotriene inhibitors

426
Q

inflamed airways s/sx

A

bloody sputum

427
Q

Secondary to chronic respiratory disorder patho/etiology

A

Dilation of Bronchial Airways

428
Q

Secondary to chronic respiratory disorder
s/sx

A

inflamed airways

429
Q

Dilation of Bronchial Airways s/sx

A

cough, dyspnea

430
Q

Dilation of Bronchial Airways patho/etiology

A

Secretions pool in dilated areas

431
Q

copious purulent sputum L/D

A

sputum cultures

432
Q

copious purulent sputum interventions

A

fluids and Chest physiotherapy

433
Q

copious purulent sputum meds

A

mucolytic (bronchitol)/expectorant

434
Q

Secretions pool in dilated areas s/sx

A

wheezes/crackles, copious purulent sputum, recurrent lower respiratory tract infection

435
Q

recurrent lower respiratory tract infection meds

A

antibiotics

436
Q

recurrent lower respiratory tract infection s/sx

A

fever during active infection

437
Q

fever during active infection interventions

A

oxygen and prevent infection

438
Q

prevent infection meds

A

Flu & Pneumonia vaccines
Azithromycin

438
Q

Bronchiectasis CC

A

infection and gas exchange

439
Q

Bronchoscopy-

A

goes through nose then bronchus.

440
Q

After procedure make sure gag reflex.

A

Bronchoscopy

441
Q

Bronchospasm can happen
bc a lot of secretion in airways-wheezing crackles

A

Bronchoscopy

442
Q

Check for edema

A

Bronchoscopy

442
Q

Could heart problems- distended neck veins

A

Bronchoscopy

442
Q

Expectorants for mucus

A

Bronchiectasis

443
Q

Mucus causes bacteria/inflammation

A

Bronchiectasis

443
Q

Lungs become scarred and damage causing dyspnea.

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis patho/etiology

444
Q

Could be due to autoimmune disease or environmental hazards such as asbestos, cigarettes’, radiation therapy

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis patho/etiology

444
Q

clubbing, crackles in inspiration, SOB, cough,

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis s/sx

444
Q

CT, chest xray, bronchoscopy-Gag reflex before fluids, rebound bronchospasm right away, spirometry

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis L/D

445
Q

O2 therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation or lung transplant

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis interventions

446
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis (interstitial lung disease) interventions

A

smoking cessation

447
Q

Pirfenidone-decreases progress of disease. Nintendanib- slows rate of lung function decline. Both does not cure it but slows down progress

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis meds

448
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis (interstitial lung disease)
meds

A

flu and penmonia vaccines, antifibrotics (pirfenidone, nintedanib)

449
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis (interstitial lung disease) s/sx

A

flu like symptoms

450
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis (interstitial lung disease) and Scarring and fibrosis of lung tissue. L/D

A

Chest x-ray, CT Scan, bronchoscopy, ABGs, Spirometry

451
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis (interstitial lung disease) patho/etiology

A

Injury to alveoli = chronic inflammation

452
Q

Injury to alveoli = chronic inflammation
patho/etiology

A

Scarring and fibrosis of lung tissue.

453
Q

Scarring and fibrosis of lung tissue. s/sx

A

Inspiratory Crackles
Cough

454
Q

Scarring and fibrosis of lung tissue. CC

A

Gas exchange

455
Q

Gas exchange s/sx

A

Clubbing, fatigue, SOB

456
Q

Airways are narrow and blocked by inflammation, mucus, and loss of elasticity in the alveoli.

A

COPD patho/etiology

457
Q

dyspnea, SOB, wheezing, Chronic cough with sputum production (clear, white , yellow, green.)

A

COPD s/sx

458
Q

Need more effort to push air out.
more prone to respiratory infections.
Infection can cause exacerbation of copd.

A

COPD patho/etiology

459
Q

Can hear coarse crackles. Decrease in O2 sat with exacerbation. Increase in CO2

A

COPD s/sx

460
Q

Smoking cessation, breathing exercises, huff cough to expel air.
Dyspnea- help repositioning. CPT.
Educate to increase calories and protein.

A

COPD interventions

460
Q

Sputum cultures. WBCs, chest xray, CT, ventilation perfusion scan.

A

COPD L/D

461
Q

Bronchodilators-can cause rebound bronchospasm if not used right.
Albuterol-fast acting.
Corticosteroids- decrease inflammation.
Antibiotics spectrum.

A

COPD meds

462
Q

COPD L/D

A

Spirometry

463
Q

COPD patho/etiology

A

Smoking, air pollution, industrial chemicals

464
Q

Smoking, air pollution, industrial chemicals interventions

A

smoking cessation

465
Q

Smoking, air pollution, industrial chemicals patho/etiology

A

Chronic Bronchitis and emphysema

466
Q

Chronic Bronchitis s/sx

A

cough, diminished breathe sounds/crackles/wheezes, increased mucus and inflammation

467
Q

Emphysema s/sx

A

Increased mucus and inflammation, decreased alveolar elasticity, prolonged exhalation, air trapping, barrel chest

468
Q

increased mucus and inflammation patho/etiology

A

blocked airways

469
Q

blocked airways s/sx

A

dyspnea, accessory muscle use, activity intolerance, weight loss, chronic hypoxemia

470
Q

blacked airways L/D

A

ABGs (Respiratory acidosis)

470
Q

weight loss intervention

A

High protein, high calorie

471
Q

increased mucus and inflammation meds

A

adrenergic and anticholinergic, corticosteroids

472
Q

Dyspnea CC

A

Gas exchange

473
Q

Dyspnea interventions

A

tripod position and breathing exercise

474
Q

High protein, high calorie CC

A

nutrition

475
Q

chronic hypoxemia disorder

A

polycythemia

476
Q

chronic hypoxemia meds

A

oxygen

477
Q

Chronic inflammation of the airways and hyperresponsiveness of the bronchiole smooth muscle (bronchospasm).

A

Asthma Patho/etiology

478
Q

Genetic, exercise induced, certain drugs. Does not grow out of it.

A

Asthma Patho/etiology

479
Q

Wheezing, SOB, chest tightness, coughing,

A

Asthma s/sx

480
Q

Spirometry, peak flow meter, allergy skin test- asthma triggers,

A

Asthma L/D

480
Q

Albuterol(bronchodilator)- gives fasted relief, Prednisone or methyl prednisone, solumedrol- corticosteroids (increase BGL) for attack, Montelukast-pill for inflammation

A

Asthma meds

481
Q

4Educate about peak expiratory flow rate- which level green, yellow, or red(emergency).
Animal dander, food, dander.
O2, vital signs, wheezes.
Accessory muscles to breathe- High fowlers position

A

c interventions

482
Q

Asthma patho/etiology

A

chronic inflammation of airways

483
Q

chronic inflammation of airways L/D

A

Spirometry and peak expiratory flow rate

484
Q

chronic inflammation of airways patho/etiology

A

asthma triggers

485
Q

asthma triggers L/D

A

allergy skin test

486
Q

Asthma triggers patho/etiology

A

bronchospasms

487
Q

Bronchospasm S/sx

A

accessory muscle use, dyspnea, air trapping, prolonged expiration, increased RR, wheezing, chest tightness, cough

488
Q

Bronchospasm CC

A

Gas exchange

489
Q

Measures the maximum speed of expiration

A

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

490
Q

Results are higher when well lower when airflow is constricted

A

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

490
Q

Expected value depends on the patients sex, age, and height

A

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

491
Q

Higher result good
Low result- airway constricted
Helps to figure out Tx

A

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

492
Q

Peak flow results
Green Zone

A

Usually 80% to 100% of personal best
Remain on medications to prevent asthma attack

493
Q

Peak flow results
Yellow Zone

A

Usually 50% to 80% of personal best
Indicates caution
Something is triggering asthma.

494
Q

Peak flow results
Red Zone

A

50% or less of personal best
Indicates serious problem
Definitive action must be taken with health care provider

495
Q

Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs)

A

Albuterol

496
Q

Albuterol S/E

A

Tremors, anxiety, tachycardia, palpitations and nausea

497
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) – Flovent, Budesonide

A

Inhibit the inflammatory process

498
Q

Long-acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs)

A

Salmeterol (Servent Diskus, Formoterol (Perforomist), Arformoterol (Brovana).
Teach to rinse mouth after using bc of thrush.
Used in combination with ICS

499
Q

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs)

A

Montelukast (Singulair).
Prophylacitc-blocks IgE to prevent bronchospasm.
Used when ICS cannot/will not be used or if ICS not controlling asthma

500
Q

Theophylline

A

Bronchodilator

501
Q

Theophylline Therapeutic range

A

> 20 = toxic

502
Q

Theophylline Toxicity s/sx:

A

N/V, rapid HR, seizures, dysrhythmias

503
Q

Xolair

A

Omalizumab

504
Q

Reduces sensitivity to allergens

A

Omalizumab

505
Q

Used when high doses of corticosteroids does not work

A

Omalizumab

506
Q

Not a rescue med

A

Omalizumab

507
Q

SubQ Q2-4 weeks

A

Omalizumab

508
Q

Genetic. Exocrine gland.

A

Cystic Fibrosis Patho/Etiology

509
Q

Abnormal sodium and chloride. Effects GI tract, respiratory system and lungs.

A

Cystic Fibrosis Patho/Etiology

510
Q

inhale in producing mucus and sweat- sodium and chloride. If defected- thick mucous

A

Cystic Fibrosis Patho/Etiology

511
Q

Salty tasting skin, persistent coughing with phlegm. prone to lung infections-Pneumonia and bronchitis.

A

Cystic Fibrosis S/sx

512
Q

Poor gross weight with no anorexia.

A

Cystic Fibrosis S/sx

513
Q

Frequent bulky stools. Fowl odor and greasy stools steatorrhea.

A

Cystic Fibrosis S/sx

514
Q

Developed pancreatic insufficiency- takes pancreatic enzymes before meals.

A

Cystic Fibrosis S/sx

514
Q

Sweat and chloride test to see sodium in sweat. Genetic testing. Spirometry.

A

Cystic Fibrosis L/D

515
Q

Feeding tube sometimes. Lung transplant-urgent. Increase fluids.

A

Cystic Fibrosis interventions

515
Q

4.Lifetime changes-support groups. teach airway clearance techniques.

A

Cystic Fibrosis interventions

515
Q

Chest physiotherapy. Pulmonary rehab. O2 therapy.

A

Cystic Fibrosis interventions

516
Q

Pancreatic Enzymes given before they eat even if snack- helps with digestive system.

A

Cystic Fibrosis Meds

517
Q

If foul odor stool the med is not working.

A

Cystic Fibrosis Meds

518
Q

Pancrelipase. Oral pancreatic enzymes to help absorb nutrients.

A

Cystic Fibrosis Meds

519
Q

If chest therapy do it before eating and if doing after eat wait

A

2 hours to prevent emesis.

520
Q

give bronchodilators to open airways.

A

Cystic Fibrosis Meds

521
Q

Pay attention to stools to see if med is working.

A

Cystic Fibrosis Meds

522
Q

Teach airway clearance- observe coughing techinique

A

Cystic Fibrosis Meds

523
Q

Cystic fibrosis patho/etiology

A

genetic exocrine gland disorder

524
Q

genetic exocrine gland disorder L/D

A

genetic testing

525
Q

genetic exocrine gland disorder patho/etiology

A

Abnormal NA and Cl transport

526
Q

Abnormal NA and Cl transport L/D

A

Sweat chloride test

527
Q

Sweat chloride test intervention

A

hydration

528
Q

Abnormal NA and Cl transport patho/etiology

A

lungs, reproductive tract, sweat glands/skin, gi tract

529
Q

sweat glands/skin L/D

A

sweat chloride test

530
Q

sweat glands/skin s/sx

A

salty sweat glands

531
Q

GI tract s/sx

A

Steatorrhea, bowel obstruction, pancreatic blocked ducts

532
Q

Bowel obstruction CC

A

Elimination

533
Q

pancreatic blocked ducts s/sx

A

malabsorption of nutrients, retained enzymes

534
Q

malabsorption of nutrients intervention

A

High-calorie nutrient dense diet

535
Q

retained enzymes meds

A

pancreatic enzymes

536
Q

Reproductive s/sx

A

delayed sexual maturity and infertility

537
Q

infertility CC

A

reproduction

538
Q

Lungs CC

A

Gas exchange

539
Q

Lungs s/sx

A

thick tenacious respiratory secretions, air trapping, resp infections

540
Q

thick tenacious respiratory secretions meds

A

Pulmozyme, bronchitol, bronchodilators, NMTs

541
Q

Thick tenacious resp secretions interventions

A

High-frequency chest wall oscillation
CPT

542
Q

respiratory infections intervention

A

Prevention of infection

543
Q

respiratory infections meds

A

antibiotics

544
Q

Both parents carry gene- genetic testing

A

cystic fibrosis

545
Q

Abdominal pain, bloating, steatorrhea- pancreatic enzyme is not working

A

cystic fibrosis

546
Q

Amylase-

A

carbs digestion

547
Q

Protease-

A

protein digestion

548
Q

Mucous- prevent respiratory infections.

A

cystic fibrosis

549
Q

Put on antibiotics and bronchodilator.

A

cystic fibrosis

550
Q

1-2 hrs after meals- CPT

A

cystic fibrosis

551
Q

Keep effective airway clearance.

A

cystic fibrosis

552
Q

15 seconds for

A

suction.

553
Q

Lipase-

A

digest fat

554
Q

metabolic acidosis-

A

aspiration

555
Q

Tonsillectomy and vomiting for kids-

A

turn to side and suction

556
Q

Listen to lungs after

A

surgery

557
Q

Albuterol can stop

A

asthma attack

557
Q

Teach vaccine, wash hands, no drinking-

A

flu teaching

558
Q

Trach patient-

A

reposition q2h, do not restrict fluids,

558
Q

Crackles and wheezes in

A

asthma

559
Q

Sore throat-

A

salt and water gargle

560
Q

Labs for infection-

A

WBCs

560
Q

Icepack lean forward-

A

nose bleed

560
Q

Hemoptysis-

A

bloody sputum

561
Q

Emergency-

A

JVD

562
Q

Education- cystic fibrosis-

A

fluids, postural drainage, monitor stools

563
Q

Normal pH and abnormal pH

A

7.35-7.45= normal

NSG (13 decks)

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