Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NSG > MIH #2 > Flashcards

MIH #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Alterations in pelvic support

A

Structural Disorders: Uterus and Vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Benign neoplasms

A

Ovarian cysts, uterine polyps, leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the uterus tilts posteriorly and cervix rotates anteriorly.

A

Uterine displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

After pregnancy The ligaments go back the normal within 2 months.

A

Uterine displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Back pain, painful sex, more severe PMS due to alteration of structures.

A

Uterine displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can note during labor or post. Can see on ultrasound.

A

Uterine displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cystocele-

A

protrusion of the bladder through the vagina causes- childbirth, age, obesity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S/Sx Cystocele-

A

urinary incontinence and sensation of heaviness in the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rectocele-

A

herniation of the anterior rectal wall through vaginal tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Genital Fistulas-

A

perforation between genitals and other organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Genital Fistulas S/Sx;

A

urine, gas, and feces coming out of vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Urinary Incontinence- occurs in __ of females.

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A

Involuntary leakage of urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Urinary Incontinence Risk factors

A

age obesity, smoking, hx of vaginal delivery, increase in carotene (the more pregnancies) the more risk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Uterine prolapse and Genital fistulas Tx:

A

surgical intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Related to decrease pelvic muscles that is caused by

A

child birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Can be congenital(present at birth)-

A

structural disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Uterine prolapse-

A

uterus protrudes through the vagina- more serious than uterine displacement. Bc risk for infection- insides are falling out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ovarian cysts are

A

Dependent on hormonal influences associated with menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

most common ovarian cysts.

A

Follicular cysts-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Occur in normal ovaries of young females.

A

Follicular cysts-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Typically are not going to experience any symptoms unless rupture which causes pelvic pain.

A

Follicular cysts-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If the cyst does not rupture then it is going to shrink within 2-3 cycles

A

Follicular cysts-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Small follicular cysts-Tx:

A

Nsaids,
contraceptives(suppress ovulation, the hormones influence the cyst)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Large follicular cysts-Tx:-

A

surgical removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

endocrine imbalance

A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Estrogen-elevated

A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Testosterone-elevated

A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

LH-elevated

A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

FSH- decreased

A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Multiple cyst formation, lots of follicular cysts causes increase of estrogen in body

A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Clinical manifestations-

A

can vary.
Obesity, hirsutism- excessive hair growth, irregular menses, infertility, and glucose intolerance (High levels of insulin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Medical management-

A

managed with oral contraceptives and metformin (type two diabetes tx, glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Nursing Interventions-

A

tx or intervene any physical problem and consider psychological aspects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Uterine polyps- Originate in __ and or ____ tissue.

A

endometrium, cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Tumors arise from the mucosa of the cervix

A

Uterine polyps-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

May be removed surgically.

A

Uterine polyps-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

If in the cervix its going to be an outpatient sugery. If endometrium surgery longer stay

A

Uterine polyps-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Most common age group multiparous (multiple pregnancies>2) women >40 years.

A

Uterine polyps-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

All polups surgically removed are send to pathology to determine

A

bengin or malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Want the pt to be on pelvic rest (no tampons, sex, douching) for one week bc increase risk of infection

A

Uterine polyps post op

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

If any s/sx of infection or excessive bleeding seek medical attention

A

Uterine polyps post op

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

AKA fibroid tumors, fibromas, myomas, or fibromyomas

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

MOST common type of benign tumor-

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

most common in African American women, nulliparous (never been pregnant) women and obese women

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Is it slow growing? Yes

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Originates from the muscle of the Uterus muscle

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Rarely becomes malignant

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Growth is influenced by ovarian hormones.

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Spontaneously shrink after Menopause due to decrease in cirulainting ovarian hormones

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Typically asymptomatic.

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

if tumor is big they expense complications.

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Leiomyomas small tumors:

A

abnormal uterine bleeding- risk for anemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Leiomyomas Big tumors-

A

back pain, lower abdominal pressure, interfere with bowel movements- constipation and cause dysmenorrhea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Influenced by estrogen- neoplasms.

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Can effect implantation and the maintance of pregnancy.

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Could be caused by chronic miscarriages or preterm labor.

A

Leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Leiomyomas Medical Management

A

NSAIDs, oral contraception’s, Growth Hormone agonist. Help decrease size of the fibroid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Leiomyomas Medical Management Uterine artery embolization performed-

A

cut off supply to fibroid which causes to shrink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Leiomyomas Surgical Management Laser or Operative removal-

A

smaller fibroids that are easier to destroy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Leiomyomas Surgical Management Surgical intervention-

A

myomectomy for removing large fibroid. Comparing size to 12 week fetus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

considerations when removing entire uterus.

A

Leiomyomas Surgical Management Hysterectomy-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Severe bleeding, risk for infection, pt signed consent.

A

Leiomyomas Surgical Management Hysterectomy-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Stay in hospital for couple days after procedure, manage pain and psychosocial considerations- depressed

A

Leiomyomas Surgical Management Hysterectomy-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

If causes excessive bleeding or obstructing other organs causes hysterectomy.

A

Leiomyomas Surgical Management Hysterectomy-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Malignant Neoplasms:

A

Endometrial Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Cancer of the Cervix, Cancer of the Vulva, Cancer of the Vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Slow- growing w/ a good prognosis

A

Endometrial Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Endometrial Cancer MOST SIGNIFICANT risk factor

A

Obesity, nulliparity, infertility, late onset menopause, diabetes, hypertension, PCOS, Hx of ovarian or breast cancer, hormonal imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Endometrial Cancer Cardinal sign of endometrial cancer:

A

abnormal uterine bleeding!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Endometrial Cancer s/sx:

A

bloody mucous vaginal discharge, accompanied by lower back pain, abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Endometrial Cancer Dx studies-

A

pap, endometrial biopsy, pelvic exam could reveal a mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Most common cancer of reproductive system

A

Endometrial Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Over __ women are diagnosed with some type of gynecological cancer annually

A

100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Obesity,- For occurrence of

A

gynecological cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Tamoxifen use increase risk for

A

gynecological cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Does not spread

A

Endometrial Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Endometrial Cancer TX:

A

hysterectomy even if caught in early stages. Chemotherapy common tx for advanced stages.
antiestrogen meds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Endometrial Cancer Most significant risk factor-

A

hormonal imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

2nd most common reproductive cancer

A

Ovarian Cancer-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Ovarian Cancer- Symptoms are vague-

A

urinary urgency, frequency, abnormal bloating, and increase in abdominal girth, pelvic abdominal pain. Or when eating feeling fullness quickly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Ovarian Cancer- Definitive screenings/tests do not exist-

A

when found it is at a very advanced stage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Unknown cause

A

Ovarian Cancer-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Ovarian Cancer- Risk factors:

A

Nulliparity (no births)
Infertility
Previous breast cancer
Family history
Ethnicity- European Americans higher risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Ovarian Cancer-Treatment

A

Surgical removal-, cytoreductive surgery- remove some of the masses from big tumor to make smaller,
antineoplastic surgery, chemotherapy, & radiation- 3 used in combination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

3rd most common type of reproductive cancer.

A

Cancer of the Cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

begins as lesions to the cervix and spread to vaginal mucosa, pelvic wall, and to bowel or bladder.

A

Cancer of the Cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Incidence highest in Hispanic women.

A

Cancer of the Cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

90% of cervical cancers are caused by

A

HPV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Cancer of the Cervix Dx:

A

Reliable method-pap smear, detects 90% of malignancies
Colposcopy- magnified cervix to see abnormal cells
Biopsy- removal of cervical tissue to see if cells are malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Cancer of the Cervix Medical-surgical management-

A

radiation, cryosurgery- remove tumor, laser ablation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

If Cancer of the Cervix is invasive-

A

hysterectomy indicated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

hysterectomy non electively or sooner than women would like-

A

psychosocial aspects bc cannot have children ever again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

Not many symptoms- could experience pain after intercourse, rectal bleeding, hematuria if it is spread, back and leg pain

A

Cancer of the Cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

Abnormal bleeding leads to anemia
depending on the extent of the cervical cancer

A

Cancer of the Cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Combination of radiation and chemotherapy

A

Cancer of the Cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

4th most common GYN cancer

A

Cancer of the Vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

Slow growth, metastasize fairly late

A

Cancer of the Vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

90% survival rate

A

Cancer of the Vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

Most common site labia majora

A

Cancer of the Vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

Cancer of the Vulva Treatment:

A

Laser surgery
Cryosurgery
Electrosurgical excision
Vulvectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

1%-3% of GYN cancer (extremely rare)

A

Cancer of the Vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

50% of cases occur between the ages of 70-90 years

A

Cancer of the Vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

Cancer of the Vagina Potential causes:

A

Vaginal irritation
Vaginal trauma
Genital viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

Occurrence 1 out of 100 women.

A

Cancer & Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

Cancer during reproductive years is

A

infrequent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

A lot of therapeutic concerns occurs- faces choice with

A

continuing or terminating pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

Fetus is most at risk for congenital anomalies due to treatment of the cancer during to

A

1st trimester.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

Cancer & Pregnancy Therapeutic issues

A

Continue or terminate the pregnancy
Timing of therapies such as chemo, radiation therapy, and surgery is affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

Most frequent types of cancer that occur during pregnancy

A

breast, cervical, leukemia, Hodgkin disease, melanoma, thyroid, colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

Cancer & Pregnancy Treatment options

A

Chemo or Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

Pregnancy after cancer treatment
Delay of __ from end of therapy to conception is advised.

A

2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

If becoming pregnant before 2 years Increasing chance of

A

miscarriage and teratogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

Cancer & Pregnancy Types of threats to fetus-

A

risk for death, chemo and radiation- impact growth and development of the fetus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

A woman has just been diagnosed with asymptomatic uterine fibroids. The client asks the nurse, “Do I need to have my uterus removed?” Which is the best response by the nurse?

A

“Your practitioner can help you decide whether you need a hysterectomy.”
not scope of practice.
Depends of severity of the symptoms, age of pt and pt childbearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

Intentional prevention of pregnancy.

A

Contraception-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

Keeping egg and sperm apart

A

Contraception-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

Be aware of own personal beliefs.

A

Contraception-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
118
Q

Before educating make sure no bias.

A

Contraception-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
119
Q

Make sure not imposing own beliefs to clients beliefs.

A

Contraception-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
120
Q

device or practice to decrease the risk of conception

A

Birth Control-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
121
Q

Conscious decisions on when to conceive

A

Family Planning-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
122
Q

Who makes decision to practice contraception-

A

woman (main) and significant other. Not what the nurse thinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
123
Q

understand pts need for education

A

Contraception-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
124
Q

Informed Consent

A

BRAIDED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
125
Q

B:

A

benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
126
Q

R:

A

risks- adverse effects from meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
127
Q

A:

A

alternatives-nonpharmacological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
128
Q

I:

A

inquiries: chance to ask questions bc of many types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
129
Q

D:

A

Decisions- pt decides. Provider gives guidance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
130
Q

E:

A

explanations- we make sure knowledgeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
131
Q

D:

A

documentation- Education, informed consent, options discussed, rationales why this is the best option for the pt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
132
Q

Half of pregnancies in US are

A

unplanned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
133
Q

US has highest rate of unintended teen pregnancy.

A

Bc vary in states, access in contraceptives, abortion clinic access, cultures, stigma of birth control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
134
Q

Public health office-

A

teen obtaining contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
135
Q

US is on the scale bc it is considered

A

wealthiest country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
136
Q

Speak teens alone, like an adult, giving education of

A

options/abstinence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
137
Q

STDs/STIs educate S/Sx, condoms, getting tested-

A

getting over barriers of educating teens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
138
Q

Natural Family Planning- considers cultural and religious aspects.

A

Fertility Awareness Based methods (FABs)-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
139
Q

Only type of contraception that is recognized by roman catholic church.

A

Fertility Awareness Based methods (FABs)-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
140
Q

Pts are avoiding intercourse during fetal periods.

A

Fertility Awareness Based methods (FABs)-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
141
Q

Key Components

A

Avoid Intercourse during fertile periods
Combine charting menstrual cycle with abstinence
Track fertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
142
Q

Approaches to natural family planning

A

Calendar-based methods
Symptom-based method
Biological Markers
App for fertility based awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
143
Q

Charting fetal cycles with

A

abstinence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
144
Q

Vasal temperatures, tracking cycles, discharge, ovulation tests-

A

knowing fertile period.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
145
Q

Calendar based methods, calendar rhythm based on

A

standard days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
146
Q

Depends on stress diet medications-

A

calendar based method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
147
Q

Assessing cervical mucous-

A

ovulation and vasal body temperature- symptom based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
148
Q

Biological markers utilizing at home-

A

ovulation tests at home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
149
Q

Phone apps-

A

tracking fertility to know optimal timing to avoid intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
150
Q

Women need to know that ovum once it is released it is fertile for

A

24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
151
Q

Methods of Contraception

A

Spermicides, Barrier Methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
152
Q

Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) reduces sperm motility

A

Spermicides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
153
Q

Typical failure rate in the first year of spermicidal use alone is

A

29%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
154
Q

Barrier Methods

A

condoms, diaphragm, cervical caps, contraceptive sponge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
155
Q

Condoms:

A

Male & Female (Vaginal sheath)- Barrier methods- male, female condoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
156
Q

4 types of traditional

A

Diaphragms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
157
Q

Is best that the female is formally fitted.

A

Diaphragms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
158
Q

Utilize spermicide and device should stay in place at least 6 hours after intercourse.

A

Diaphragms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
159
Q

Failure rate if used correctly- 14%

A

Diaphragms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
160
Q

FemCap available in U.S.- fit tighter around the cervical opening.

A

Cervical caps:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
161
Q

Is best that the female is formally fitted.

A

Cervical caps:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
162
Q

Utilize spermicide and device should stay in place at least 6 hours after intercourse.

A

Cervical caps:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
163
Q

Failure rate if used correctly- 14%.

A

Cervical caps:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
164
Q

Failure rate is 29% after vaginal birth with caps and diaphragm

A

Cervical caps and diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
165
Q

Contraceptive sponge

A

Today Sponge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
166
Q

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) risks are present with

A

diaphragms, cervical caps and sponges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
167
Q

can occur with tampon use and leaving diaphragm, cervical cap and sponges in place for a long amount of time.

A

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
168
Q

Caused by staphylococcus aureus.

A

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
169
Q

Fever, discharge- S/sx of sepsis.

A

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
170
Q

4 types of Diaphragms-

A

coil spring, arching, flat spring, wide seal rim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
171
Q

Hormonal methods

A

Available in varying formulations and administration
>100 different formulations available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
172
Q

Combined Contraceptives

A

Oral, Injections, Transdermal, Vaginal ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
173
Q

Combined estrogen progestin.

A

Oral Combined Contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
174
Q

Taken PO.

A

Oral Combined Contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
175
Q

Easy to take and highly effective if taken correctly.

A

Oral Combined Contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
176
Q

relatively safe.

A

Oral Combined Contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
177
Q

Help to inhibit ovulation for hormonal methods.

A

Oral Combined Contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
178
Q

Suppressing surge of LH.

A

Oral Combined Contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
179
Q

both estrogen and progestin.

A

Combined injections-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
180
Q

Prevent surge of LH to suppress ovulation.

A

Combined injections-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
181
Q

Patches.

A

Transdermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
182
Q

Placed weekly for 3 weeks and on 4th week the pt is patch free.

A

Transdermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
183
Q

Rotating sites every time placing new patch on

A

Transdermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
184
Q

both estrogen and progestin.
Suppressing surge of LH.

A

Transdermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
185
Q

Combined inserted first 5 days of a cycle.

A

Vaginal Ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
186
Q

After insertion pt required to have backup birth control 7 days after.

A

Vaginal Ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
187
Q

Removed every three weeks. Ring free for 1 week.

A

Vaginal Ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
188
Q

both estrogen and progestin.
Suppressing surge of LH.

A

Vaginal Ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
189
Q

When educating s/sx from birth control put emphasis about cardiac problems-

A

HTN should not have combined contraceptives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
190
Q

Warning signs to teach patients starting or taking combined oral contraceptives (COCs):

A

ACHES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
191
Q

A:

A

Abdominal pain may indicate a problem with the liver or gallbladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
192
Q

C:

A

Chest pain or shortness of breath may indicate possible clot problem within the lungs or heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
193
Q

H:

A

Headaches (sudden or persistent) may be caused by cardiovascular accident or hypertension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
194
Q

E:

A

Eye problems may indicate vascular accident or hypertension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
195
Q

S:

A

Severe leg pain may indicate a thromboembolic process. Common in patient with nuvaring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
196
Q

combined oral contraceptives (COCs): Other s/sx;

A

increase risk of stroke, Heart attack, pseudomenstration- vaginal bleeding or spotting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
197
Q

People placed on contra for heavy menstrual periods or excessive bleeding/

A

common with IUDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
198
Q

Ask patient baseline and follow up with them

A

combined oral contraceptives (COCs):

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
199
Q

Oral contraceptives on antibiotics

A

must need back of contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
200
Q

Too much estrogen impacts Cardiovascular system-

A

causes dizziness, fluid retention, leg cramps, high blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
201
Q

Progestin-only Contraception

A

Oral, Injectable, Implantable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
202
Q

failure rate it 9%.

A

Oral
[Minipill]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
203
Q

Important for pts to take same time everyday.

A

Oral
[Minipill]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
204
Q

Progestin increase viscosity of the cervical mucous (thick) so sperm cannot move through and make it to the egg.

A

Oral
[Minipill]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
205
Q

Decreases motility of fallopian tubes.

A

Oral
[Minipill]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
206
Q

Also interferes with LH surge.

A

Oral
[Minipill]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
207
Q

Good for breast feeding moms.
Progestin only

A

Oral
[Minipill]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
208
Q

Highly effective. Long acting.

A

Injectable
[Depo-provera]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
209
Q

given every 11-13 weeks.

A

Injectable
[Depo-provera]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
210
Q

More unfavorable side effects- weight gain and depression more than the pill.

A

Injectable
[Depo-provera]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
211
Q

Slows down motility and increase viscosity of cervical mucous.

A

Injectable
[Depo-provera]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
212
Q

Inhibit LH surge but also inhibits FSH.
Progestin only

A

Injectable
[Depo-provera]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
213
Q

Duration: Rod inserted underneath the skin. Lasts three yrs. Progestin only

A

Implantable
[Nexplanon]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
214
Q

Good for Cardiovascular disease pts.

A

Progestin-only Contraception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
215
Q

Safer than combined contraceptives

A

Progestin-only Contraception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
216
Q

Causes S/E- weight gain, depression, acne, increases risk of yeast infections bc of thick cervical mucous.

A

Progestin-only Contraception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
217
Q

Small T-shaped device inserted into the uterine cavity

A

Intrauterine devices (IUDs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
218
Q

ParaGard Copper T 380A (effective for up to 10 years)

A

There are four FDA-approved IUDs:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
219
Q

Mirena (releases levonorgestrel; effective for up to 5 years)

A

There are four FDA-approved IUDs:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
220
Q

Liletta (releases levonorgestrel; effective for up to 3 years)

A

There are four FDA-approved IUDs:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
221
Q

Skyla (releases levonorgestrel; effective for up to 3 years)

A

There are four FDA-approved IUDs:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
222
Q

The typical failure rate in the first year of use is 0.2%

A

IUDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
223
Q

Offers no protection against STIs or HIV

A

IUDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
224
Q

Important client education; signs of potential complications: ACHES

A

IUDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
225
Q

Lasts from 3 to 10 years.

A

IUDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
226
Q

Don’t offer protection with STDs.

A

IUDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
227
Q

Important to educate on the S/E using the ACHES acronym

A

Abdominal pain
Chest pain
Headaches
Eye problems
Severe leg pain
IUDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
228
Q

Levonorgestrel-

A

synthetic estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
229
Q

Advanced practice or medical provider does this.

A

IUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
230
Q

Can cause miscarriages, fertility issues

A

IUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
231
Q

Permanent Sterilization:

A

surgical procedures intended to render a person infertile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
232
Q

Tubule occlusion- most common.

A

Female Sterilization-

233
Q

Can have Transcervical sterilization and tubule reconstruction.

A

Female Sterilization-

234
Q

Can grow back and get pregnant again.

A

Female Sterilization-

235
Q

surgical interruption of a man’s vas deferens.

A

Male (Vasectomy):

236
Q

Done with local anesthesia. outpatient setting.

A

Male (Vasectomy):

237
Q

Not as intense procedure.

A

Male (Vasectomy):

238
Q

Complications with swelling and infection.

A

Male (Vasectomy):

239
Q

Additional Considerations

A

Emergency contraception, Start dose, Missed dose, COCs, Lactational Amenorrhea

240
Q

should be taken ASAP after unprotected sex.

A

Emergency Contraception-

241
Q

Or also Can be effective after 5 days of sexual intercourse.

A

Emergency Contraception-

242
Q

Different types: most common are plan b. utilize copper IUD.

A

Emergency Contraception-

243
Q

when pt is going to be contraceptive on the first day they experience bleeding (the first time).

A

Start Dose-

244
Q

Or can do the quick start method is that they can start anytime but need to have backup birth control for 7 days.

A

Start Dose-

245
Q

Prior to taking that pill they have to rule out pregnancy

A

Start Dose-

246
Q

need to take missed tab and the next scheduled tab at the same time.

A

Missed Dose Combined Oral Contraceptives’

247
Q

If they miss more than 3 doses they need to discontinue the pack allow for withdrawal bleeding and then in 7 days they can start back

A

Missed Dose Combined Oral Contraceptives’

248
Q

Need to take pill asap and need to have backup for 48 hrs.

A

Missed Dose Progestin Oral Contraceptives

249
Q

only applicable to women that are breast feeing exclusively bc of hormone stimulation can suppress ovulation.

A

Lactational Amenorrhea-

250
Q

Can practice this as birth control abd can only be used if actual breast feeding around the clock. Temporary method.

A

Lactational Amenorrhea-

251
Q

Ovum is released during ovulation -> Sperm enters the female reproductive system -> Sperm and Egg join in the outer 1/3 in the fallopian tube.

A

Conception

252
Q

Sperm is fertile for __ and ova (eggs) fertile for

A

48 hrs, 24 hours

253
Q

Occurs 6-10 days after fertilization.
Occurs in the endometrium(inner lining of the uterus)

A

Implantation

254
Q

When occurs pt can experience Bleeding or spotting

A

Implantation

255
Q

Chorion
Amnion

A

Fetal Membranes

256
Q

XX- female
XY-male- which determines sex of the fetus

A

Chromosomes- determine pts sex

257
Q

Space for movement and protection

A

Amniotic Fluid

258
Q

Promotes Thermoregulation

A

Amniotic Fluid

259
Q

Transport Nutrients and fluid

A

Amniotic Fluid

260
Q

Amniotic Fluid prevents

A

Adhering of the amnion to the fetus
Umbilical cord compression

261
Q

800-1200mL present at birth

A

Amniotic Fluid

262
Q

If too much amniotic fluid.

A

Polyhydramnios

263
Q

Identified if amniotic fluid is>2000mL.

A

Polyhydramnios

264
Q

It is associated with gastrointestinal malformations of the fetus.

A

Polyhydramnios

265
Q

Too little amniotic fluid.

A

Oligohydramnios

266
Q

Identified with volume that is less then 300 mL of amniotic fluid.

A

Oligohydramnios

267
Q

Connection with renal malformation of the fetus.

A

Oligohydramnios

268
Q

Interferes with fetal growth and development

A

Oligohydramnios

269
Q

Lives in this for about 40 weeks

A

amniotic fluid

270
Q

Fetus has a covering called vernix which protects skin for

A

maceration from amniotic fluid

271
Q

amniotic fluid is made of up

A

Albumin, bilirubin, and uric acid

272
Q

Tested for genetic studies-

A

amniotic fluid

273
Q

Acts as cushion, keeps umbilical cord floating-

A

amniotic fluid

274
Q

Protected by Wharton’s Jelly

A

Umbilical Cord

275
Q

No Pain Receptors

A

Umbilical Cord

276
Q

Umbilical Cord Three vessel cord

A

2 Arteries- take deoxygenated and bad stuff away from fetus
1 Vein- carries oxygen rich and nutrients to fetus

277
Q

Some babies can be born with

A

multiple vessel cord

278
Q

Intestines can be in the

A

umbilical cord

279
Q

Endocrine gland

A

Placenta

280
Q

Human placental lactogen

A

Placenta

281
Q

Human chorionic gonadotrophin

A

Placenta

282
Q

Develops during week 3

A

Placenta

283
Q

Fully functional by week 12

A

Placenta

284
Q

Regulates transport of gases, nutrients, and waste products

A

Placenta

285
Q

Begins to age towards the end of pregnancy and becomes less functional

A

Placenta

286
Q

Hormone secretion decreases

A

Placenta

287
Q

Gradually less effective

A

Placenta

288
Q

41 weeks of gestation can calcifying and be less effective of transporting nutrients/blood.

A

Placenta

289
Q

Placenta Shiny shults-

A

fetal side

290
Q

Placenta Dirty duncan-

A

maternal side

291
Q

Want fetal side to be shiny,

A

new- membranes

292
Q

Locus birth-

A

placenta attached to the baby to increase stem cells

293
Q

Conception to day 14

A

Pre-Embryonic stage

294
Q

Rapid cell division

A

Pre-Embryonic stage

295
Q

Primary germ layers- tissues and organ form from and the embryonic membranes

A

Pre-Embryonic stage

296
Q

Day 15 to week 8

A

Embryonic Stage

297
Q

Structures of major organs are complete

A

Embryonic Stage

298
Q

Organ systems are complete and functioning

A

Embryonic Stage

299
Q

Teratogens!!! (3-8 week period)

A

Embryonic Stage

300
Q

Educate- being aware of what putting in body if childbearing age and risky sex.

A

Embryonic Stage

301
Q

Red flag weeks- 3-8 weeks more likely to develop

A

defects

302
Q

MMR vaccine- teratogens.

A

The rubella can cause negative effects through the vaccine.

303
Q

Education after to avoid pregnancy after 28 days after injection-

A

MMR

304
Q

Safe for moms to breastfeed but pregnancy is contraindicated in

A

MMR- subcutaneous injection

305
Q

Chemo, radiation, lead, CMV (cytomegdalo virus)-

A

can come contact with AC setting

306
Q

1st trimerster

A

month 1, 2, 3

307
Q

Month 1

A

1st trimester

308
Q

Limb buds forming

A

Month 1

309
Q

Hematopoiesis week

A

3

310
Q

Day _ can hear

A

25

311
Q

4th week-

A

GI developing

312
Q

Liver-thyroid-bones-muscles-epidermis forming

A

Month 1

313
Q

Neural tube-start of CNS.

A

Month 1

314
Q

Encourage child bearing capabilities to take folic acid bc it helps promote development of

A

neural tube.

315
Q

Green leafy veggies and orange juice found.

A

neural tube.

316
Q

1/2inch <1 oz

A

Month 1

317
Q

Ears, ankles, wrists

A

Month 2

318
Q

Eyelids-SHUT

A

Month 2

319
Q

Hematopoiesis continues

A

Month 2

320
Q

5th week-

A

swallowing and voiding

321
Q

Brain has 5 lobes

A

Month 2

322
Q

*Rh FACTOR>

A

6 weeks

323
Q

rH FACTOR

A

Proteins found on RBCs.
Second most important component when blood typing. + or -
1st most important- ABO

324
Q

Pancreas and nerve fibers

A

Month 2

325
Q

1in <1oz

A

Month 2

326
Q

Fingers and toes

A

Month 3

327
Q

Soft nails

A

Month 3

328
Q

“baby teeth”

A

Month 3

329
Q

Doppler ultrasound to hear HB abdomen

A

Month 3

330
Q

Renal function

A

Month 3

331
Q

Moving- feel fetal movement

A

Month 3

332
Q

Adrenal cortex production hormones

A

Month 3

333
Q

Sex characteristics

A

Month 3

334
Q

Lanugo-thin hairs covering babies body.
Falls off at end of pregnancy

A

Month 3

335
Q

2.5 inches >1oz

A

Month 3

336
Q

Cardiac system is the first system that fully funcitons

A

1st Trimester

337
Q

Cardiac anomalies develop first

A

few weeks of conception

338
Q

White cheesy covering-

A

vernix

339
Q

2nd trimester

A

month 4, 5, 6

340
Q

-Moves, kicks, swallows

A

Month 4

341
Q

-Handprints 16 weeks

A

Month 4

342
Q

-Forming Meconium- waste product-black thick, tarry waste product. made in intestines.

A

Month 4

343
Q

Intestines forms meconium at 13-16 week. First 24 hours after birth expelled.

A

Month 4

344
Q

Can pass meconium during delivery process which can aspirate and cause

A

respiratory distress and infections.

345
Q

-Placenta is fully formed

A

Month 4

346
Q

-6-7in 5 oz

A

Month 4

347
Q

-Sleep/wake intervals

A

Month 5

348
Q

-Week 20: producing insulin

A

Month 5

349
Q

-8-12 inches ½-1lb

A

Month 5

350
Q

-Actively feeling fetal movement by mom

A

Month 5

351
Q

-Lanugo all over

A

Month 6

352
Q

-Eyes open

A

Month 6

353
Q

-11-14 inches (28 cm long)

A

Month 6

354
Q

1-1.5 lb (600g)

A

Month 6

355
Q

24 weeks- marks period of

A

viability

356
Q

Viable (better chance of surviving at extra uterine life) at end of

A

second trimester

357
Q

Period of rapid growth

A

2nd trimester

358
Q

3RD Trimester

A

month 7, 8, 9

359
Q

Period of refinement and growth

A

3rd trimester

360
Q

-Open and close eyes

A

Month 7

361
Q

-Responds to light and sound

A

Month 7

362
Q

-Storing fat

A

Month 7

363
Q

-Testes descend into scrotum

A

Month 7

364
Q

-15 inches 3 lbs

A

Month 7

365
Q

-Rapid brain growth

A

Month 8

366
Q

-Skull is soft/flexible- fit through birth canal and growth

A

Month 8

367
Q

-Mature GI system

A

Month 8

368
Q

-Fe (iron) stored

A

Month 8

369
Q

-18 in 5 lb

A

Month 8

370
Q

-FULL TERM 37-40 weeks

A

Month 9

371
Q

-Brain ¼ size of adult

A

Month 9

372
Q

-Gains ¼-1/2 lb per week

A

Month 9

373
Q

[6-9 lb19-21 in]- full term infant

A

Month 9

374
Q

Blood increase to head and placenta and no blood to the

A

Lungs by the shunt

375
Q

Intrauterine life to extrauterine life shunts

A

open

376
Q

Bradycardia =

A

fetal circulation compromised to help turn mom to left side

377
Q

Fetal Heart, Placenta, Fetal tissues

A

Fetal Circulation

378
Q

Decrease blood flow to fetal lungs

A

Fetal Circulation

379
Q

Direct blood to placenta

A

Fetal Circulation

380
Q

Fetus shunts blood to the lungs while in utero

A

Fetal Circulation

381
Q

After birth–Infant breathes—shunts are no longer needed.

A

Fetal Circulation

382
Q

Chemoreceptors active closure to shunts

A

Fetal Circulation

383
Q

increase blood flow to head and decreasing blood to lungs

A

Fetal Circulation

384
Q

When compromised fetal circulation-

A

fetal HR dropping.
Turn mom and place on left side lying which enhances fetal circulation.

385
Q

Significantly impacted by maternal help

A

Respiratory system of the fetus

386
Q

20-24 weeks
Stabilizes Alveoli

A

Surfactant

387
Q

Alveoli aren’t mature until

A

35-37 weeks

388
Q

L/S ratio

A

(lecithin/sphingomyelin)

389
Q

Want it to be: 2:1 ratio indicates lung maturity

A

L/S ratio

390
Q

Maternal use of steroids can stimulate production.

A

L/S ratio

391
Q

If mom is (premature) 34 weeks prg and in labor likely to give steroids to enhance or speed up fetal maturity in the fetal respiratory system.

A

L/S ratio

392
Q

Not given for full term and healthy baby.

A

L/S ratio, steroids

393
Q

substance in the alveoli to stabilize it for good gas exchange

A

Surfactant-

394
Q

Reduce surface tension to make it easier to breathe for the baby-

A

surfactant

395
Q

Amniocentesis test to test the

A

LS ratio

396
Q

FERTILIZATION OF A SINGLE OVUM BY ONE SPERM

A

Monozygotic

397
Q

Identical

A

Monozygotic

398
Q

Monozygotic Risk:

A

HX of dizygotic twins in Female history
Use of fertility drugs

399
Q

Multifetal Pregnancy Dx:

A

Polyhydramnios
Asychronous FHR
utilizing an ultrasound to visualize

400
Q

Likelihood of multifetal pregnancy IF

A

HX of dizygotic twins in Female history
Use of fertility drugs

401
Q

Multifetal Pregnancy Often end in prematurity

A

Premature rupture of membranes

402
Q

FERTILIZATION OF 2 OVA BY TWO SPERM

A

Dizygotic

403
Q

FRATERNAL/NONIDENTICAL

A

Dizygotic

404
Q

Use of fertility drugs increase the risk for

A

multifetal

405
Q

___ are more likely to use fertility drugs, higher risk for multifetal pregnancy

A

Older women

406
Q

End in premature rupture in membranes- early labor.

A

Its considered high risk.

407
Q

GTPAL

A

Gravidity, Term birth, Preterm, Abortion, Living

408
Q

Gravidity-

A

a Pregnancy

409
Q

Term Birth-

A

occurs after 37 weeks.

410
Q

Preterm-

A

birth from 20-36 weeks and 6 days.

411
Q

Abortion-

A

medical abortion(therapeutic) or spontaneous abortion.

412
Q

Living-

A

how many children the woman has alive

413
Q

Nulligravida-

A

Never been pregnant

414
Q

Primigravida-

A

Pregnant for the first time

415
Q

Multigravida-

A

Pregnant at least a second time

416
Q

Five digit System

A

Gravity, Term, Preterm, Abortion, Living

417
Q

Signs of pregnancy

A

Probable, Positive, Presumptive

418
Q

observed by the practioner.

A

Probable

419
Q

Softening of the cervix- assessed as early as five week-Goodell’s sign.

A

Probable

420
Q

Chadwix sign-bluish purple discoloration to the cervix.
Occurs bc so much blood flow going to the uterus which is bleeding the cervix.
Noted at 6-8 weeks gestation.

A

Probable

421
Q

Hegar sign- softening of the lower portion of the uterus.
Noted as early as 6-12 weeks gestation.

A

Probable

422
Q

Positive pregnancy test- test for hormone HCG.

A

Probable

423
Q

Practitioner taps on cervix and the baby bounced up and down- ballottement.
Fetus haws to be a significant size not performed until 16 weeks gestation.

A

Probable

424
Q

definitive evidence that fetus present.

A

Positive-

425
Q

Only be attributed to the presence of a fetus.

A

Positive-

426
Q

Ultrasound done 5-6 weeks gestation.

A

Positive-

427
Q

Fetal hr detected around 6 weeks gestation.

A

Positive-

428
Q

Palpation of the fetus and the outline of the fetus-palpating the abdomen at significant sigh 18-22 weeks.

A

Positive-

429
Q

subjective signs.

A

Presumptive-

430
Q

Fatigue, breast changes(heaviness in breast), darkened areola, nausea, increase urinary frequency

A

Presumptive-

431
Q

quickening- fetal movements ex:gas bubble that is quickening doesn’t occur 16-20 weeks gestation.

A

Presumptive-

432
Q

Amenorrhea. Is there something other than pregnancy that can cause

A

Presumptive-

433
Q

important part of pregnancy

A

Uterus

434
Q

Increases in size and weight.

A

Uterus

435
Q

12-14 weeks palpating the __ above the symphysis pubis.

A

Uterus

436
Q

22-24 weeks gestation palpating at the umbilicus.

A

Uterus

437
Q

As the fetus grow the __ expands.

A

Uterus

438
Q

Cervix- dilates and allows the passage of the fetus.

A

Cervix-

439
Q

Increases in vascularity, softens, increase in mucous production which causes mucous plug

A

Cervix-

440
Q

When closer to labor the mucous plug and come out in a big chunk or little pieces.

A

MUCOUS PLUG-

440
Q

acts as barrier against infection.

A

MUCOUS PLUG-

441
Q

Labor is near (within two weeks)-

A

after mucous plug falls out.

442
Q

Increased in secretions

A

Leukorrhea

443
Q

Stimulated by hormones to prepare for lactation

A
444
Q

Perineum-

A

support pelvic structures.
During child birth it can be lacerated.

445
Q

Intricate system of tissues that manufactures and stores breast milk

A

Breasts

446
Q

Stimulated by hormones to prepare for lactation

A

Breasts

447
Q

as early as 16 weeks gestation.

A

Colostrum-

448
Q

Colostrum can form.

A

Breasts

449
Q

Not until estrogen levels decrease that complete lactation can occur.

A

Breasts

450
Q

Can see striae gravidarum (stretch marks) during pregnancy.

A

Breasts

451
Q

Heart Displaced to the LEFT

A

Pregnancy

452
Q

Cardiac Output Increases about 30-50%. Increase to provide adequate perfusion due to compensation.

A

Pregnancy

453
Q

Cardiac Volume increases

A

Pregnancy

454
Q

Vital signs- HR- increase 10-15 bpm above baseline,

A

Help maintain cardiac output.

455
Q

__ sometimes increases during first trimester but will go back to normal after.

A

BP

455
Q

Abnormal finding- increase in BP during pregnancy,

A

it is scary and often.

456
Q

Increase in fluid and hormonal fluctuations-

A

increase bp in 1st trimester.

457
Q

Peripheral Changes in pregnancy

A

Edema, coagulation

458
Q

fluid retention.

A

EDEMA-

459
Q

Compression of the Iliac veins and inferior vena cava by the by the

A

uterus.

460
Q

It is important that moms do not lay on back while pregnancy

A

uterus is growing.

461
Q

Decreases perfusion to the placenta thus decreasing perfusion to the baby.

A

Compression of the Iliac veins and inferior vena cava by the by the uterus.

462
Q

Coagulation-hypercoagulable state as a protective mechanism

A

Pregnancy

463
Q

Clotting factors increase-

A

protective mechanism.

464
Q

During childbirth mom does not excessive bleeding or hemorrhage that leads to death.

A

coagulation

465
Q

D-Dimer increases in

A

pregnancy. Increase risk for DVT, hemorrhage.

466
Q

Diaphragm- raise and flare in the ribs..

A

Pregnancy

467
Q

RR unchanged- may experience SOB with activities

A

Pregnancy

468
Q

Slight hyperventilation

A

Pregnancy

469
Q

Oxygen consumption increases- 15%-20%

A

Pregnancy

470
Q

Dyspnea

A

Pregnancy

471
Q

Nasal stuffiness + epistaxis(nose bleeds)- estrogen vascularizes more.

A

Pregnancy

472
Q

Nasal tract vascularization is increased.

A

Pregnancy

473
Q

Vascular change due to estrogen

A

Pregnancy

474
Q

Bladder has a reduced capacity- due to

A

uterus or fetus is taking up more space.

475
Q

Ureters/kidneys increase in size.

A

Pregnancy

476
Q

Urine formation is slightly increased

A

Pregnancy

477
Q

Nocturia- increase frequency in urination at night

A

Pregnancy

478
Q

Bladder becomes more sensitive bc of increase in pressure from the uterus/fetus.

A

Pregnancy

479
Q

Increase in urinary elimination.

A

Pregnancy

480
Q

Goes back to non pregnant size (smaller but not the same)-

A

kidneys, uterus, bladder.

481
Q

Brownish splotchy mask like discoloration.

A

Melasma-

482
Q

Common in dark complexed females and fades after birth.

A

Melasma-

483
Q

A hyperpigmented line that is midline down the abdomen will fade after birth. Can take years to fade

A

Linea Nigra-

484
Q

Striae Gravidarum- stretch marks due to pregnancy.
A reddish, purplish discoloration. Fade after pregnancy.

A

Striae Gravidarum-

484
Q

pink or reddish discolored palms. Will disappear after birth.

A

Palmar erythema-

485
Q

Spider veins. Remain after birth. Does not fade or go away

A

Angiomas-

486
Q

abnormal lumbar curvature gets deeper. Change in center of gravity so the females stance widens.

A

Exaggerated Lordosis-

487
Q

Hormonal Influences

A

Pelvic expansion
Increased softening and elasticity of ligaments
Abdominal muscles stretch

488
Q

typically related to electrolyte imbalances.

A

Muscle cramps-

489
Q

can occur only during pregnancy

A

Carpel Tunnel-

490
Q

R/t edema pressure on median nerve

A

Carpel Tunnel-

491
Q

Usually occurs in late third trimester

A

Carpel Tunnel-

492
Q

Carpel Tunnel s/sx

A

paresthesia, pain and swelling/edema in upper extremities-wrist area.

493
Q

Swelling can decrease but May need PT even after pregnancy

A

Carpel Tunnel

494
Q

Concern for the mom hard to hold baby, write etc

A

Carpel Tunnel

495
Q

Increase salivation

A

GI pregnancy

496
Q

Increased appetite and thirst

A

GI pregnancy

497
Q

Nausea and vomiting- occur due to hormonal changes. rarely is n/v harmful to the fetus.

A

GI pregnancy

497
Q

Delayed gastric emptying and intestinal motility

A

GI pregnancy

498
Q

GERD- gastroesophageal reflux disease. Due to hormonal changes.
Increase in the softening of the esophagus and is related to increase progesterone.

A

GI pregnancy

499
Q

Delayed gallbladder emptying

A

GI pregnancy

500
Q

Pica- non food cravings.
Indicator of anemia-can be underlying cause (dirt, ice-no nutritional value, chalk). Can impact weight gain

A

GI pregnancy

501
Q

Estrogen- influences changes with the uterus, breast and skin.

A

Endocrine pregnancy

502
Q

Progesterone- responsible for maintaining pregnancy.

A

Endocrine pregnancy

503
Q

hCG- responsible for morning sickness- hyperemesisgravaderum.

A

Endocrine pregnancy

503
Q

Oxytocin- stimulate milk ejection during lactation and uterine contractions.

A

Endocrine pregnancy

503
Q

Fetus relies on maternal glucose

A

Pancreas

503
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Endocrine pregnancy

504
Q

Pulls glucose from maternal supplies

A

Fetus

504
Q

Depletes maternal stores

A

Fetus

504
Q

During 1st trimester results in a decrease in maternal

A

blood glucose (low blood sugar)

505
Q

2nd trimester- maternal tissue sensitivity to insulin begins to

A

decline

505
Q

If baby is large for gestational age we have to monitor for

A

hypoglycemia (checking BGL before and after feedings)

506
Q

Only until babies endocrine system kicks in-

A

dextrose IVs help hypoglycemia.

506
Q

Estimated due Date/Estimated Date of confinement (EDC)

A

Diagnosis of Pregnancy

506
Q

Period of physical and psychological preparation for birth and parenthood

A

Prenatal Period

507
Q

Nagaele’s Rule

A

+7 to 1st day of Last Menstrual Period, -3 month +1 year (if applicable)

507
Q

Most deliver +/- __ from Estimated due Date

A

2 weeks

507
Q

April 13th 2023 date of LMP.

A

-3 month= Jan, +7 day= 20th, +1 year= 2024
Jan 20th, 2024

508
Q

9 months span-

A

pregnancy

509
Q

Holistic-

A

family centered care

510
Q

Family supports the

A

patient

511
Q

1 year after birth stops prenatal care
prenatal birth-

A

before conception

512
Q

Any female of child bearing age-

A

prenatal care

513
Q

Education to support the

A

mom.

514
Q

Supports birth

A

control/contraceptive care.

515
Q

Adaptations to Pregnancy- biggest mile stone if mom

A

verbalizing pregnancy

516
Q

Normal for mom to have mood swings due to

A

hormonal changes

517
Q

Paternal Adaptations to Pregnancy

A

Couvade Syndrome

517
Q

Maternal Adaptations to Pregnancy.

A

Acceptance of the pregnancy
Identifying as a mother
Establishing personal relationship with the fetus
Preparation for child birth

518
Q

Partner experiences symptoms of the pregnant women like cravings, nausea. Increase of cravings and appetite- pregnancy like symptoms.

A

Couvade Syndrome

519
Q

depending on the age. Rebel.

A

Sibling regression

520
Q

May feel the baby is the burden (babysit, cant move in with lives).

A

Sibling regression

521
Q

Include the siblings in the plan of care no matter the age

A

Sibling regression

522
Q

Grandparents-

A

support, role models. Expected role

523
Q

Various stages of accepting the pregnancy-

A

mom and significant other

524
Q

Health history, Drug use, Family history, History of any type abuse

A

Prenatal Interview

525
Q

Spinal disorders, sexual abuse, mental disorders, genetic disorders, allergies, experiencing PICA, OTC drugs and illicit drugs, prescribed.

A

Prenatal Interview

525
Q

Physical Exam (H to T),

A

Prenatal Interview

525
Q

Lab tests- CBC, UA, Syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia testing. Informed Consent to test for HIV.

A

Prenatal Interview

526
Q

Group B strep

A

Prenatal Interview

527
Q

can change with each pregnancy.

A

Group B strep

527
Q

done between 35-37 weeks gestation, swab from vagina to the rectum.

A

Group B strep

527
Q

Not an STI.

A

Group B strep

527
Q

Determines prophylactic tx with antibiotics while in labor.

A

Group B strep

528
Q

Can be transmitted to baby going through birth canal and become septic.

A

Group B strep

529
Q

Fundal height (abdomen- determines height of the uterus, top part of uterus (fundus),

A

Fetal Assessments

530
Q

FHTs(fetal heart tones),

A

Fetal Assessments

531
Q

EGA(estimated gestational age),

A

Fetal Assessments

532
Q

Labs- r/t fetus genetic testing.

A

Fetal Assessments

533
Q

child care, birthing preferences, feeding preferences.

A

Education

534
Q

Starting discuccion from prenatal care. What are the plans after birth.

A

Education

535
Q

if decreased fetal moment light red bleeding contact provider immediately,

A

Education

536
Q

reiterate at every visit.

A

Education

537
Q

sexual practices- can still get STD (condoms).

A

Education

538
Q

first trimester- libido

A

less likely

539
Q

Preterm Labor

A

Fetal Assessments

540
Q

Hormonal changes- fluctuations in libido

A

second trimester

541
Q

Normal VS Abnormal discomforts-

A

as the pregnancy progresses likely to become more uncomfortable due to growing size of the fetus.

542
Q

Normal for

A

N/V, back pain, hormonal changes.

543
Q

Abnormal-

A

bright red vaginal bleeding, uterine contractions- preterm (before 37 weeks), any changes in fetal movement.

544
Q

Nutrition- prenatal vitamins daily,

A

Pregnancy education

545
Q

Hygiene, breastfeeding- education after delivery

A

Pregnancy education

546
Q

physical activity- no extremely strenuous but still stay active.

A

Pregnancy education

547
Q

No amount of alcohol is considered safe during pregnancy.

A

Pregnancy education

548
Q

Mom stay hydrated if not- electrolyte imbalances which causes uterine contractions (prevent preterm contractions)

A

Pregnancy education

549
Q

Body mechanics, Rest

A

Pregnancy education

550
Q

Immunizations- no live vaccines. MMR or Varicella

A

Pregnancy education

551
Q

OKAY to receive during pregnancy: Flu, hep b, TDAP

A

Pregnancy education

552
Q

not all vitamins, herbal supplements or OTC are safe for pregnancy.

A

Pregnancy education

553
Q

NSAIDS are not good. Acetaminophen can be good

A

Pregnancy education

554
Q

Childbirth goals-

A

support system, medications

555
Q

Cultural Influences-

A

how they view pregnancy and how the childbirth practices will be

556
Q

Adolescents- pregnant,

A

less likely to receive prenatal care.
Educate not shaming them.

557
Q

comorbidities, genetic concerns, increase fertility due to taking infertility drugs

A

Advanced Maternal Age/Delayed Childbearing- older than 35 years old-

558
Q

care for child?, premature births, restructuring their life’s-career, effects other siblings.

A

Advanced Maternal Age/Delayed Childbearing- older than 35 years old-

559
Q
A

NSG (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions