Respiratory 2 Flashcards
What is respiration ?
Respiration is the physical process of getting air into the lungs (known as Ventilation) and out of the lungs
What is the upper respiratory tract?
The upper respiratory tract includes nose, pharynx and larynx
What is the lower respiratory tract?
The lower respiratory tract consists of, the trachea, bronchi (primary, secondary and tertiary), bronchioles (including terminal and respiratory) and alveoli.
What is the conducting portion?
the conducing portion which does not carry out gas exchange (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles)
What is the respiratory portion ?
the respiratory portion which does conduct gas exchange (respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli)
What is the purpose of the conducting portion?
moisten, warm and clean the air
What is the purpose of the respiratory portion?
Gas exchange
Facts about the trachea
Starts at the larynx
Splits in two at the carina T4
Gives rise to two main Bronchi
Boarder of the lung crosses which lines at which points?
Mid clavicular rib 6
Mid axillary rib 8
paravertebral line rib 10
Boarder of the pleura cross which lines at which points?
Mid clavicular rib 8
Mid axillary rib 10
paravertebral line rib 12
What are the 4 main layers of the respiratory system walls?
Mucosa - Epithelium and supporting lamina propria
Submucosa - Seromucous glands
Cartilage or muscle
Adventitia - Fibrous connective tissue
Describe the wall structure of the trachea?
Wide flexible tube
20 C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Gaps between rings are filled with the trachealis muscle and fibroelastic tissue
adapted to warm and moisten air
mucous layer thick ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Submucosa mixed sero-mucous glands
In the trachea what is the role of the mucous and goblet cells?
The watery secretions from the serous glands humidify the inspired air. The mucus, together with mucus from the goblet cells traps particles from the air which are transported upwards towards the pharynx by the cilia on the epithelium. This helps to keep the lungs free of particles and bacteria.
Describe the wall structure of the bronchi?
Two primary bronchi one in each lung
Extrapulmonary bronchi look very like the trachea
Intrapulmonary bronchi have less cartilage (cartilage plates) and smooth muscle in between the mucous and submucosa
Describe the wall structure of the bronchioles?
ciliated simple columnar
More smooth muscle
Clara calls are present
No cartilage
