Respiratory Flashcards
Which dog breeds are over-represented for nasal planum SCC?
Labs - 50%
Goldens - ~75%
Local recurrence occurs in what percentage of cats with nasal planum SCC treated with surgery?
10%
What is the median DFI for cats with nasal planum SCC treated with surgery for an isolated tumor? For multiple locations?
Isolated - 594d (~20 mos)
Multiple - 426d (~14 mos)
For cats with nasal planum SCC treated with surgery, what is the MST for an isolated lesion? Multiple?
Isolated - ~22 mos (673d)
Multiple - ~18 mos (530d)
In dogs with nasal planum SCC treated with RT, what is the median time to recurrence?
2-3 months
For cats with nasal planum SCC treated with RT what is the overall MST?
~31 mos
What portion of the radiation penetrates and to what depth with strontium?
10%, 3 mm
Cats with nasal planum SCC treated with strontium, PFI? MST?
PFI - 57 mos (4.75 yrs)
MST - 102.5 mos (8.5 yrs)
What is the outcome after administration of intralesional carboplatin chemotherapy for cats with nasal planum SCC?
CR 73%
Local recurrence 30%
PFS 16 mos
Cats with nasal planum SCC treated with photodynamic therapy - ORR? TTR?
ORR - 95% (appx)
TTR - 157d (~5 mos)
What is the indication for cryosurgery for cats with nasal planum SCC?
Small (<5mm)
Non-invasive
Superficial
Cats with nasal planum SCC treated with cryosurgery - ORR? Recurrence rate? DFI?
ORR - ~80% (2-3 treatments)
Recurrence rate - ~15-75%
DFI - 6-27 mos
How common is sinonasal neoplasia in dogs? What is the most common tumor type?
1% of all neoplasms
Carcinomas (two thirds)
What is the metastatic rate of sinonasal neoplasia at time of death?
40-50%
Which proteins may play a role in sinonasal tumorigenesis?
p53
EGFR
VEGF
COX-2 - carcinomas
PPAR-y (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) – involved in glucose metabolism and fatty acid storage
What is the most common clinical sign associated with sinonasal neoplasia?
Unilateral epistaxis and/or mucopurulent discharge
What is the average duration of clinical signs to diagnosis for patients with sinonasal neoplasia?
2-3 months
Which clinical presenting sign is most strongly associated with sinonasal neoplasia?
Facial deformity
What is the most common type of feline sinonasal tumors?
AH
LSA followed by epithelial tumors (carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, SCC)
What is the accuracy of cytology from endoscopic biopsies in diagnosing nasopharyngeal masses in cats according to DeLorenzi et al?
AH
An overall accuracy of 90%. However, distinguishing lymphoma from lymphoid inflammatory disease was not as accurate, and histopathologic confirmation was recommended.
What medial retropharyngeal lymph node (MRPLN) characteristics were significantly associated with neoplasia in one study of cats with sinonasal disease?
AH
Abnormal MRPLN hilus, height asymmetry, and decreased MRPLN precontrast heterogeneity.
What is the typical overall response rate for feline nasal lymphoma treated with RT and/or chemotherapy?
AH
High, between 70% and 90%.
In humans, what is the most common type of tumor affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses?
What are some established risk factors for these cancers?
AH
SCC
What is the prognosis generally for cats with tracheal carcinomas?
AH
Poor. Most historically being euthanized shortly after diagnosis due to poor quality of life and rapid disease progression.
Chemotherapy for dogs with primary lung carcinoma
Vinorelbine or cisplatin
Chemotherapy for dogs with localized pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma
CCNU
Chemotherapy options for malignant pleural effusions
Systemic, intrapleural, or combination
Cisplatin, carboplatin, and mitoxantrone
Interventional therapy options in humans not yet described in vet med
thermal ablation and regional chemotherapy administration
MST of surgical removal of primary lung tumors
1 year
Prognostic factors of primary lung tumors and their MST
presence of clinical signs - MST of 240 days compared
with 545 days for asymptomatic dogs
clinical stage - Dogs with single solitary lung tumors (T1 clinical stage) had an MST of 790 days, which was significantly longer than dogs with multiple lung tumors (T2 clinical stage, 196 days) and dogs with lung tumors invading into adjacent structures (T3 clinical stage, 81 days). The MST for dogs with no evidence of LN (N0) was 452 days, and this was significantly longer than the MST of 26 days for dogs with tracheobronchial LN metastasis (N1).
histologic grade - MST for dogs with grade I lung carcinomas was 790 days, and this was significantly longer than the MSTs of 251 days and 5 days for dogs with grade II and III lung carcinomas, respectively
tumor type - ST of dogs with SCC was 8 months and the mean ST of dogs with adenocarcinoma was 19 months
MST of localized pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma with surgical excision and adjuvant therapy with CCNU
MST of 568 days
What is the most common surgical technique for management of dogs/cats with nasal planum SCC?
nasal planum resection
What is the prognosis for dogs following nasal planum resection for SCC (generally)?
- Generally good
- Tx with sx alone vs RT alone vs sx + RT
- Complete surgical excision gave most favorable results (2/6 incompletely excised recurred)
Lascelles BD, Parry AT, Stidworthy MF, etal.: Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum in 17 dogs, Vet Rec 147:473–476, 2000.
What is the prognosis for cats following nasal planum resection for SCC (generally)?
- Very good
- <10% recurrence
- MDFI 20 months (single) and 14 months (multiple) with sx alone
- MST 22 months (single) and 17 months (multiple)
Lana SE, Ogilvie GK, Withrow SJ, etal.: Feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum and the pinnae: 61 cases, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:329–332, 1997.
What is the tumor recurrence when using curretage and diathermy on the nasal planum for superficial SCC/feline actinic dysplasia?
- 6% after a median follow up time of 18 months (34 cats)
- Conservative treatment not tpically recommended
Jarrett RH, Norman EJ, Gibson IR, etal.: Curettage and diathermy: a treatment for feline nasal planum actinic dysplasia and superficial squamous cell carcinoma, J Small Anim Pract 54:92–98, 2013.
