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NCM-106 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammatory disease certain allergens will trigger response to your body. It creates an immune response

A

ASTHMA

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2
Q

people that are exposed to secondhand smoking

A

Pneumonia

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3
Q

green type of pneumonia indicate what

A

bacterial infection

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4
Q

yellow type of pneumonia indicate what

A

viral infection

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5
Q

mucus type of pneumonia indicate whate

A

fluids in lungs that is normal but it over secretes

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6
Q

phlegm type of pneumonia indicate what

A

contains bacteria

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7
Q

sputum type of pneumonia indicate what

A

phlegm and saliva

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8
Q

Bronchodilators Classes

A

Beta-2 Agonists
Anticholinergics
Methylxanthines

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9
Q

example of a short acting Beta-2 agonist

A

albuterol

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10
Q

example of a long acting Beta-2 agonist

A

salmeterol

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11
Q

example of a short acting anticholinergic

A

ipratropium

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12
Q

examples of a long acing anticholinergic

A

tiotropium

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13
Q

action of B-2 adrenergic agonists

A

Binds to Beta 2 adrenergic receptors in the airway leading to relaxation of the smooth muscles in the airways

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14
Q

Nursing Considerations of B2-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS

A

Can cause tachycardia, angina, tremor
● Be very cautious when using in clients with heart disease (increases HR), diabetes (can mask s/s of hypoglycemia), or glaucoma (can increase lOP).
● When using 2 inhalers: use SABA 1st, ensure at least 1 min interval between

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15
Q

action of ANTICHOLINERGICS

A

Action: Block muscarinic receptors in bronchi, leading to decreased bronchoconstriction.

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16
Q

Nursing Considerations of ANTICHOLINERGICS

A

Can be used to abort an ongoing attack.
Available in combo products with SABAs (ex: Albuterol + Ipratropium)

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17
Q

action of METHYLXANTHINES

A

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscles leading to bronchodilation

18
Q

Nursing Considerations of METHYLXANTHINES

A

Has a narrow therapeutic window
Monitor drug levels. If a dose is missed, do NOT double the next dose

19
Q

It will try to not inflame your lungs

A

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS

20
Q

examples of Inhaled Corticosteroids

A

fluticasone, budesonide

21
Q

examples of Oral Corticosteroids

A

prednisone

22
Q

examples of Leukotriene Modifiers

A

montelukast

23
Q

action of CORTICOSTEROIDS

A

Decreases inflammatory mediators, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and vascular permeability (to decrease edema).

24
Q

action of LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST

A

Suppress leukotrienes: decrease smooth muscle constriction, bronchoconstriction, edema, and mucus secretion

25
Q

are signaling molecules involved in inflammation and the immune response. They play a role in conditions such as asthma, allergy, and arthritis

A

Leukotrienes

26
Q

action of MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

A

Reduces the amount of IgE in the blood to limit their ability to trigger an inflammatory reaction

27
Q

difference between first gen and second gen antihistamines

A

First-generation antihistamines are more likely to cause side effects than second-generation antihistamines because they pass through the blood-brain barrier more easily, main side effects being dizziness

28
Q

examples of a first gen antihistamine

A

diphenhydramine

29
Q

examples of a second gen antihistamine

A

loratadine

30
Q

examples of decongestants

A

pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

31
Q

Why should decongestants be used cautiously in patients with hypertension

A

it’s harder for blood to flow through a narrowed blood vessel. This can increase blood pressure

32
Q

examples of H1 antagonists

A

Diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine,, clemastine, promethazine, hydroxyzine, loratadine, fexofenadine

33
Q

action of H1 ANTAGONISTS

A

Blocks H1 receptors: decreases flushing, edema, secretions, itching, and pain

34
Q

action of decongestants

A

Activates a1-adrenergic receptors on nasal blood vessels causing vasoconstriction and shrinking of swollen mucous membranes

35
Q

examples of opoid antitussives

A

Codeine, Hydrocodone

36
Q

examples of non-opoid antitussives

A

Dextromethorphan

37
Q

action of ANTITUSSIVES

A

Elevate the cough threshold, preventing cough

38
Q

examples of EXPECTORANTS

A

guaifenesin

39
Q

action of EXPECTORANTS

A

Stimulates the flow of respiratory tract secretions, making the cough more productive

40
Q

examples of MUCOLYTIC

A

acetylcysteine

41
Q

action of mucolytic

A

Reacts with mucus to make it more watery. Breaks up thick secretions so they are easier to expel

42
Q

common antibiotics for Respiratory Infections

A

Amoxicillin, azithromycin, levofloxacin

NCM-106 (4 decks)

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