Respiratory

Question 1

bronchospasm

Answer 1

sudden contraction of the bronchial muscles
caused by the release of substances from mast cells or basophils
causes difficulty breathing

Question 2

laryngospasm

Answer 2

sudden spasm of the vocal chords
may be associated with stridor or retractions
reaction to detection of water, mucus, blood or other substances

Question 3

apnoea

Answer 3

temporary cessation of breathing

Question 4

dyspnoea

Answer 4

shortness of breath

Question 5

tachypnoea

Answer 5

rapid breathing

Question 6

ronchi

Answer 6

sonorous wheezes
continuous low pitched beath sounds resembling snoring or gurgling

Question 7

stridor

Answer 7

high pitched sound produced by turbulent airflow
result of a partially obstructed airway

Question 8

cor pulmonale

Answer 8

alteration in the structure or function of the right ventricle of the heart responsible to blood moving to the lungs
causes pulmonary hypertension

Question 9

epistaxis

Answer 9

nosebleed

Question 10

haemoptysis

Answer 10

coughing up blood

Question 11

hypercapnia

Answer 11

higher than normal levels of CO2 in the blood

Question 12

hypoxaemia

Answer 12

lower than normal levels of oxygen in the blood

Question 13

hypoxia

Answer 13

lower than normal levels of oxygen in the tissues

Question 14

pneumonia

Answer 14

infection of the air sacs in one or both lungs
air sacs may fill with fluid or pus
severe cough with phlegm
fever/chills
difficult breathing

Question 15

asthma

Answer 15

airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness
narrowing of the airways
shortness of breath
wheezing
cough

Question 16

bronchiolitis

Answer 16

inflammation of the bronchioles
usually caused by viral infection
common chest infection in babies and young children
cough
slight fever
wheezing

Question 17

cystic fibrosis

Answer 17

sweat and mucus glands produce thick sticky mucus in the lungs
genetic condition
usually picked up at birth in heel prick test
impairs normal clearance of the lungs

Question 18

croup

Answer 18

inflammation of larynx and trachea in children
loud barking cough
fever
hoarse voice

Question 19

covid-19

Answer 19

caused by coronavirus
fever/chills
sore throat
cough
can develop complications

Question 20

pneumothorax

Answer 20

collapsed lung
air leaking into the space between the lung and the chest wall
sudden chest pain
shortness of breath
cyanosis
severe tachycardia