Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

bronchospasm

A

sudden contraction of the bronchial muscles
caused by the release of substances from mast cells or basophils
causes difficulty breathing

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2
Q

laryngospasm

A

sudden spasm of the vocal chords
may be associated with stridor or retractions
reaction to detection of water, mucus, blood or other substances

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3
Q

apnoea

A

temporary cessation of breathing

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4
Q

dyspnoea

A

shortness of breath

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5
Q

tachypnoea

A

rapid breathing

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6
Q

ronchi

A

sonorous wheezes
continuous low pitched breath sounds resembling snoring or gurgling

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7
Q

stridor

A

high pitched sound produced by turbulent airflow
result of a partially obstructed airway

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8
Q

cor pulmonale

A

alteration in the structure or function of the right ventricle of the heart responsible to blood moving to the lungs
causes pulmonary hypertension

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9
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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10
Q

haemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

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11
Q

hypercapnia

A

higher than normal levels of CO2 in the blood

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12
Q

hypoxaemia

A

lower than normal levels of oxygen in the blood

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13
Q

hypoxia

A

lower than normal levels of oxygen in the tissues

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14
Q

pneumonia

A

infection of the air sacs in one or both lungs
air sacs may fill with fluid or pus
severe cough with phlegm
fever/chills
difficult breathing

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15
Q

asthma

A

airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness
narrowing of the airways
shortness of breath
wheezing
cough

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16
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of the bronchioles
usually caused by viral infection
common chest infection in babies and young children
cough
slight fever
wheezing

17
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

sweat and mucus glands produce thick sticky mucus in the lungs
genetic condition
usually picked up at birth in heel prick test
impairs normal clearance of the lungs

18
Q

croup

A

inflammation of larynx and trachea in children
loud barking cough
fever
hoarse voice

19
Q

covid-19

A

caused by coronavirus
fever/chills
sore throat
cough
can develop complications

20
Q

pneumothorax

A

collapsed lung
air leaking into the space between the lung and the chest wall
sudden chest pain
shortness of breath
cyanosis
severe tachycardia