neurology Flashcards
monroe-kellie hypothesis
sum of the volumes of brain, cerebrospinal fluid and intracerebral blood is constant
role of the meninges
protect and anchor the brain
provide system of vessels, nerves, lymphatics and csf
dura mater
outermost
thick membrane connective tissue layer
drainage system - allows blood to leave and csf to reenter
arachnoid mater
middle
spiderweb like appearance
connective tissue projections attach to the pia mater
cushion
pia mater
innermost
held tightly to surface of brain and spinal cord
highly vascular
circle of willis
arterial ring at the base of the brain
connects the four main arteries supplying blood to the brain
(two vertebral and two internal carotid arteries)
protects against ischamemia in the event of vessel occlusion
venous sinuses
venous channels within cranial cavity
sandwiched between two layers of the dura mater
returns venous blood into circulation
autoregulation
maintains blood flow at an appropriate level during changes in BP
occurs via myogenic mechanism
cerebral cortex
outer layer of neural tissue or the cerebrum of the brain
paralysis
loss of muscle function in one or more muscles
quadriplegia
loss of motor/sensory function in the cervical area of spinal cord
results in weakness or paralysis
paraplegia
loss of motor/sensory function in thoracic, lumbar and sacral segments of spinal cord
impairment in lower extremities
kyphosis
curvature of the spine in the upper back
hunchback
scoliosis
sideways curvature of the spine
lordosis
excessive inward curvature of the spine
affects neck or lower back
