Cells + Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

red blood cell

A

erythrocytes
carry oxygen
most common type of blood cell

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2
Q

white blood cell

A

leukocytes
three main subtypes - granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes
fight infection and foreign invaders

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3
Q

neutrophils

A

type of white blood cell
prevent infection by blocking, disabling and digesting foreign particles
make up 40-60% of white blood cell

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4
Q

monocytes

A

largest type of leucocyte
differentiate into macrophage and monocyte derived dendritic cell
part of the innate immune system
tissue repair

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5
Q

mitosis vs meiosis

A

mitosis = normal cell division
meiosis = cell division during foetal and embryonic development

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6
Q

atrophy

A

degeneration of muscles or nerve tissues
wasting

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7
Q

metaplasia

A

abnormal condition where healthy mature cells are replaced by a different kind of mature cell tissue

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8
Q

hypertrophy

A

enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells

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9
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal growth or development of a tissue or organ
precursor to cancer

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10
Q

apoptosis

A

cell death

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11
Q

cell injury

A

any kind of damage or harm that occurs to a cell

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12
Q

hyperplasia

A

enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in reproduction of cells

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13
Q

angiogenesis

A

formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels

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14
Q

carcinogen

A

cancer causing substance

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15
Q

carcinoma

A

cancer that forms in epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs

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16
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells

17
Q

differentiation

A

process by which unspecialized or less specialized cells acquire specialized structures and functions

18
Q

epigenetics

A

the study of the chemical modification of specific genes or gene associated proteins of an organism
heritable changes in gene expression

19
Q

leukaemia

A

cancer of the blood

20
Q

lymphoma

A

group of blood and lymph tumors that develop from lymphocytes

21
Q

metastases

A

cancer cells break away from initial site and travel through blood or lymph stream to form new tumors

22
Q

mutation

A

changes in chromosomes and genes

23
Q

neoplasm

A

new and abnormal growth of tissue in a part of the body
type of cancer

24
Q

oncogene

A

a gene which in certain circumstances can transform a cell into a tumor cell

25
Q

proliferation

A

process of cell division resulting in an increase in the number of cells

26
Q

sarcoma

A

malignant tumor
arises from cells in the connective tissue (mesenchymal)
generally begins in the bones or soft tissue

27
Q

gene silencing

A

specific genes are inhibited from being expressed

28
Q

stem cell

A

undifferentiated cell
can divide to produce offspring cells that may differentiate

29
Q

transformation

A

genetic material (naked DNA) is transferred between microbial cells
results in genetic alteration of a cell resulting from this transfer

30
Q

tumor marker

A

bio marker that can indicate the presence of cancer or cancer behaviour

31
Q

tumor suppression gene

A

encodes a protein that acts to regulate cell division

32
Q

hypersensitivity

A

body’s immune system is abnormally sensitive to an antigen
results in an exaggerated immune response

33
Q

autoimmune

A

immune system reacts negatively to body’s own normal components

34
Q

alloimmunity

A

immune response to nonself antigens from members of the same species
eg; when the body rejects transplanted tissues

35
Q
A