Cells + Inflammation

Question 1

red blood cell

Answer 1

erythrocytes
carry oxygen
most common type of blood cell

Question 2

white blood cell

Answer 2

leukocytes
three main subtypes - granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes
fight infection and foreign invaders

Question 3

neutrophils

Answer 3

type of white blood cell
prevent infection by blocking, disabling and digesting foreign particles
make up 40-60% of white blood cell

Question 4

monocytes

Answer 4

largest type of leucocyte
differentiate into macrophage and monocyte derived dendritic cell
part of the innate immune system
tissue repair

Question 5

mitosis vs meiosis

Answer 5

mitosis = normal cell division
meiosis = cell division during foetal and embryonic development

Question 6

atrophy

Answer 6

degeneration of muscles or nerve tissues
wasting

Question 7

metaplasia

Answer 7

abnormal condition where healthy mature cells are replaced by a different kind of mature cell tissue

Question 8

hypertrophy

Answer 8

enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells

Question 9

dysplasia

Answer 9

abnormal growth or development of a tissue or organ
precursor to cancer

Question 10

apoptosis

Answer 10

cell death

Question 11

cell injury

Answer 11

any kind of damage or harm that occurs to a cell

Question 12

hyperplasia

Answer 12

enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in reproduction of cells

Question 13

angiogenesis

Answer 13

formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels

Question 14

carcinogen

Answer 14

cancer causing substance

Question 15

carcinoma

Answer 15

cancer that forms in epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs

Question 16

chemotherapy

Answer 16

treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells

Question 17

differentiation

Answer 17

process by which unspecialized or less specialized cells acquire specialized structures and functions

Question 18

epigenetics

Answer 18

the study of the chemical modification of specific genes or gene associated proteins of an organism
heritable changes in gene expression

Question 19

leukaemia

Answer 19

cancer of the blood

Question 20

lymphoma

Answer 20

group of blood and lymph tumors that develop from lymphocytes

Question 21

metastases

Answer 21

cancer cells break away from initial site and travel through blood or lymph stream to form new tumors

Question 22

mutation

Answer 22

changes in chromosomes and genes

Question 23

neoplasm

Answer 23

new and abnormal growth of tissue in a part of the body
type of cancer

Question 24

oncogene

Answer 24

a gene which in certain circumstances can transform a cell into a tumor cell

Question 25

proliferation

Answer 25

process of cell division resulting in an increase in the number of cells

Question 26

sarcoma

Answer 26

malignant tumor
arises from cells in the connective tissue (mesenchymal)
generally begins in the bones or soft tissue

Question 27

gene silencing

Answer 27

specific genes are inhibited from being expressed

Question 28

stem cell

Answer 28

undifferentiated cell
can divide to produce offspring cells that may differentiate

Question 29

transformation

Answer 29

genetic material (naked DNA) is transferred between microbial cells
results in genetic alteration of a cell resulting from this transfer

Question 30

tumor marker

Answer 30

bio marker that can indicate the presence of cancer or cancer behaviour

Question 31

tumor suppression gene

Answer 31

encodes a protein that acts to regulate cell division

Question 32

hypersensitivity

Answer 32

body’s immune system is abnormally sensitive to an antigen
results in an exaggerated immune response

Question 33

autoimmune

Answer 33

immune system reacts negatively to body’s own normal components

Question 34

alloimmunity

Answer 34

immune response to nonself antigens from members of the same species
eg; when the body rejects transplanted tissues