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Human Phys > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

respiration

A

exchange of gasses between organism and its environment

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2
Q

internal respiration

A

between blood and cells of body

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3
Q

external respiration

A

between blood and alveolar air

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4
Q

airway leading to alveoli

A

pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli

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5
Q

lunges surrounded by pleural sac

A

pressure between sac and lungs = -4 mm Hg (intrapleural pressure)

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6
Q

transpulmonary pressure

A

keeps lungs from collapsing
= diff between intrapleural and alveolar pressure

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7
Q

ventilation

A

exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli

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8
Q

inspiration

A

contraction of diagram and external intercostal muscles
- incr intrathoracic V causing decr of alveolar pressure
- air moves from environ to lungs
continues until alveolar pressure equals atmospheric pressure

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9
Q

expiration

A
  • normally passive
  • elastic recoil of muscle and CT of thorax
  • thoracic cavity decr to original dimensions
  • decr lung vol incr alveolar pressure
  • air moves out of lungs until alv = atm pressure
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10
Q

Tidal Volume

A

normal resting breathing (around 500mL)

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11
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

amt of air forcibly expired after normal expiration (1500 mL)

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12
Q

Residual Volume

A

amt of air always remains in lungs (1000 mL)

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13
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

amt of air forcibly inspired after normal inspiration (3000 mL)

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14
Q

Inspiratory Capacity

A

IRV + TV + 3500 mL

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15
Q

Vital Capacity

A

amt of air maximally expired after max inspiration (5000 mL)

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16
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

VC + RV = 6000 mL

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17
Q

Minute Ventilation

A

amt of air moved in and out of lungs per minute
TV x Resp Rate

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18
Q

Anatomic Dead Space

A

segment of airways that don’t allow gaseous exchange

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19
Q

Alveolar ventilation

A

volume of fresh air entering alveoli per min

20
Q

Alveolar dead space

A

alveoli with inadequate blood supply

21
Q

physiological dead space

A

anatomic + alveolar dead space

22
Q

during tissue metabolism

A

o2 consumed = co3 produced

23
Q

Respiratory Quotient

A

relative amt of O2 consumed and CO2 produced (CO2/O2)

24
Q

RQ depends on

A

depends on food substrate used to produce ATP
- CHO = 1.0
- protein = 0.8
- fat = 0.7

25
Q

O2 added and CO2 leaving pulmonary circuit equals

A

O2 consumed and CO2 produced by tissues

26
Q

Partial Pressures

A

total pressure = sum of partial pressure of individual gases

27
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

in a mix of gasses, pressure of each gas is independent of the others

28
Q

atmospheric gas pressure at sea level

A

760 mm Hg
PO2 = 160 mmHg
PCO2 = 0.3 mmHg

29
Q

alveolar gas pressure

A

determines pressure in arterial blood
PO2 = 105 mmHg
PCO2 = 40 mmHg

30
Q

venous systemic blood gas pressure

A

PO2 = 40 mmHg
PCO2 = 46 mmHg

31
Q

difference in partial pressure causes diffusion so…

A

arterial PO2 + PCO2 = alveolar partial pressure

32
Q

to ensure proper gas exchange between pulmonary capillaries and alveoli

A

air supply must = blood supply
ventilation = perfusion

33
Q

perfusion

A

passage of bodily fluids thru circulatory/lymphatic system to get to tissue

34
Q

diffusion of gasses in internal respiration

A

happens between capillary bloods and interstitial fluid

35
Q

O2 transport in blood

A
  1. dissolved in plasma (.3 mL)
  2. reversibly combined w/ Hb (197 mL)
36
Q

PO2 in blood determines

A

saturation of Hb w/ O2

37
Q

Metabolic factors affecting O2/Hb dissociation curve

A

PCO2, [H+], 2,3DPG, temperature (all shift curve right)

38
Q

CO2 transport in blood

A
  1. dissolved in plasma/RBCs (10%)
  2. combined w/ Hb/other proteins (30%)
  3. carried in HCO3 (30%)
39
Q

regulation of ventilation

A
  • pattern controlled by medulla
  • peripheral and central chemoreceptors sensitive to arterial [O2], [CO2], [H+]
40
Q

ventilation NOT controlled by arterial dissolved PO2

A

ONLY if PO2 decreases below 60 mmHg

41
Q

chemoreceptors sensitive to PO2

A

peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid, aortic)

42
Q

PCO2 in arterial blood

A

major stimulate of ventilation
- 2-5 mmHg increase doubles ventilation

43
Q

Lung disease

A

increases pCO2 = stims greater ventilation

44
Q

ability of CO2 to regulate ventilation

A

mainly due to production of H+

45
Q

factors that increase ventilation during exercise

A

increased temperature, epinephrine, N impulses from movement

Human Phys (8 decks)

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