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Human Phys > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

organs of digestive system

A
  1. mouth
  2. pharynx
  3. esophagus
  4. stomach
  5. stomach
  6. small intestine
  7. large intestine
  8. rectum
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2
Q

accessory glands

A

liver, gall bladder, pancreas

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3
Q

digestion

A

processing of ingested foods into molecular forms that can be absorbed w/ water and electrolytes

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4
Q

motility

A

muscle contraction mix and advance contents

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5
Q

tone

A

constant low level contraction of smooth muscle maintains steady pressure on contents and returns walls to normal size following distention

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6
Q

propulsion

A

push contents through tract, speed varies by function of tract segment (esophagus v small intestine)

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7
Q

mixing

A

mix foods with digestive juices, help absorption by maintaining contact of contents w/in small intestine walls

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8
Q

secretion

A

exocrine glands secrete digestive juices at specific times throughout tract
- consist of water, electrolytes, enzymes, bile, mucus

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9
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of complex foodstuffs into smaller absorbable molecs

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10
Q

CHOs

A

must be broken into monosaccharides
- some in mouth, mostly small intestine

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11
Q

Proteins

A

broken down by peptidases
- stomach = pepsin, small intestine = other

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12
Q

fats

A

99% of breakdown in small intestine
- first into globules - emulsification require bile - lipases break into monoglycendes and fatty acids - chylomicrons - enter lymphatic vessels - enter circulation in chest

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13
Q

mouth

A

chewing - physical and chemical breakdown
- salivary glands - mucus lubricates and amylase digests polypeptides

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14
Q

pharynx/esophagus

A

add more mucus and move food to stomach

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15
Q

swallowing involves

A

skeletal muscle - pharynx
smooth muscle - esophagus

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16
Q

stomach

A

empty vol = 50 mL - can expand to 1000 mL
- parietal cells = HCl
- chief cells = pepsinogen - pepsin

17
Q

fundus

A

top part of stomach, lies above esophagus
- no digestion
- contains gas

18
Q

body of stomach

A

main portion
- thin muscular walls
- main storage area

19
Q

antrum of stomach

A

bottom
- thick smooth muscle walls
- separate from duodenum by pyloric sphincter
- produce chyme
- regulates movement into small intestine

20
Q

small intestine

A

final and most stages of digestion here
- most absorption
- 3 segments
- rings of smooth muscle allow segmentation

21
Q

3 segments of small intestine

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
22
Q

small intestine absorption

A

enhanced w/ perfusion of blood and lymph

23
Q

mucus lining of small intestine

A

designed for absorption
- epithelial cells w/ variety of transport systems
- large surface area from infoldings
- villi
- microvilli

24
Q

villi

A

finger-like projections w/in circular folds, incr surface area

25
Q

microvilli

A

hair-like projections from villi, form “brush border’ increase surface area

26
Q

venous drainage from villi

A

goes directly to liver via hepatic portal vein

27
Q

material absorbed from SI

A

processed by liver before entering general circulation

28
Q

digested fats can’t penetrate intestinal capillaries

A

absorbed into central lacteal to lymphatic system to systemic blood stream in chest - to liver

29
Q

large intestine sections

A
  • cecum
  • appendix
  • colon
  • rectum
30
Q

colon

A

receives 500 ml chyme for SI daily - most of it undigestible food, bilirubin, electrolytes, and water

31
Q

main function of colon

A

concentrate and store feces until defecation

32
Q

LI motility

A

very slow - contractions of smooth muscle occur at 30 min intervals

33
Q

mass movements

A

powerful contractions of ascending and transverse colon that drive contents into rectum
- 3 to 4 times a day

34
Q

high fecal matter volume

A

stimulates stretch receptors in wall of rectum (defecation reflex)

35
Q

external anal sphincter

A

comprised of skeletal muscle - voluntary control of defecation

36
Q

constipation

A

delayed defecation, feces becomes hard and dry

37
Q

intestinal gas sources

A
  1. swallowed air - most burped from stomach
  2. bacterial fermentation - occurs w/in colon as local bacteria breakdown undigested food, amt depends on meal and types of bacteria in colon

Human Phys (8 decks)

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