Respiratory

Question 1

differentiate between
- bronchiectasis
- alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
- kartagener’s

Answer 1

• Persistent productive cough +/- haemoptysis in a young person with a history of respiratory problems
• liver involvement, mainly lower lobes
• situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis

Question 2

step down of asthma

Answer 2

reduction of 25-50% in the dose of inhaled corticosteroids

Question 3

most common organisms
- bronchiectasis

Answer 3

• haem inf

Question 4

Legionella pneumophilia is best diagnosed by …

Answer 4

the urinary antigen test

Question 5

COPD symptoms in young and non smokers

Answer 5

• bronchiectasis (cough, mucus production, recurrent chest infections)
• A1AT deficiency (lack of protease, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung reduction)

Question 6

borders of safety triangle

Answer 6

latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, line superior to the nipple and apex at the axilla

Question 7

exudate have protein >30. if protein level 25-35 then use …

Answer 7

Light criteria:
pleural fluid protein divided by serum protein >0.5
pleural fluid LDH divided by serum LDH >0.6
pleural fluid LDH more than two-thirds the upper limits of normal serum LDH

Question 8

suspect granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegner’s) when u see

Answer 8

ENT, respiratory and kidney involvement

Question 9

bilateral lymphadenopathy, afro-carribean, cough, low-grade fever and erythema nodosum

Answer 9

sarcoidosis

Question 10

organism in pneumonia

Answer 10

alcoholics –> klebsiella
post viral –> aureus
COPD –> haem inf

Question 11

organism in bronchiectesis and 2ry to CF

Answer 11

Mycobacterium abscessus

Question 12

All patients with a CD4 count lower than … should receive prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Answer 12

200/mm3

Question 13

… should be given to all patients with severe or life-threatening asthma

Answer 13

Nebulised ipratropium bromide

Question 14

… is a protozoan parasite that can cause diarrhoea in
immunocompromised patients, including those with HIV

Answer 14

Cryptosporidium