Renal Flashcards
acute mx renal colic
IM diclofenac
(a-blockers for <10mm stones)
renal stones mx
<5mm & asymptomatic –> waiting
5-10mm –> shockwave lithotripsy
10-20mm –> lithotripsy OR uretroscopy
>20mm –> percutaneous nephrolithotomy
BPH mx
a-1 antagonists –> 5-a reductase inhibitors –> combination –> TURP
most common renal malignancy
adenocarcinoma
symptoms of
- hypercalcaemia
- hypocalcaemia
- hypernatraemia
- hyponatraemia
- hypokalaemia
- excessive thirst, frequent urination, constipation, bone pain, abdominal pain, confusion, and lethargy
- perioral paraesthesia (numbness or tingling around the mouth), muscle cramps, tetany (involuntary muscle contractions), and convulsions
Chovstek’s & Trousseau’s - excessive thirst, dry mucous membranes, restlessness, irritability, confusion, seizures, and coma
- severe: nausea, headache, confusion, seizures, and even coma
- muscle weakness, fatigue, cramps, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias
the most common cause of peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis
Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (epidermis)
white cell casts vs red cell casts vs muddy-brown casts
acute interstitial nephritis vs IgA nephropathy vs acute tubular necrosis
has been shown to reduce the rate of CKD progression in ADPKD
tolvaptan
most common form prostate cancer
adenocarcinoma
+ve Phren’s sign
epididymo-orchitis (e coli)
arrange a mid-stream urine sample for microscopy and culture to guide antibiotic treatment
this medication causes hypomagnesaemia
PPI
diuretics
chronic alcohol
Anti-GBM disease typically presents with …
haemoptysis + AKI/proteinuria/haematuria
serum osmolality formula
2 x(Na) + Urea + glucose
sinusitis, oral ulceration and
haemoptysis and the bilateral pulmonary nodules + renal involvment
GPA
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
