Ophthalmology Flashcards
acute glaucoma mx
- BBs: reduce aqueous production
- prostaglandins (latanoprost): ++ uveoscleral outflow (+ eyelash length, brown iris)
- miotics/muscarinic receptor agonist (pilocarpine): ++ uveoscleral outflow
vertical diplopia vs horizontal diplopia
trochlear vs abducens
… is a serious but rare complication of cataract surgery which needs urgent treatment
Post-operative endophthalmitis
(red, painful, hypopryon)
small, irregular pupils
no response to light but there is a response to accommodate
Argyll-Robertson pupil - neurosyphillis, DM
Unilaterally dilated pupil which is unresponsive to light, compression of CNIII (tumour)
Hutchinson’s
RAPD, damage to CNII/retina
Marcus-Gunn pupil
Tonically dilated pupil, slowly reactive to light with more definite accommodation response.
damage to parasympathetic innervation of the eye due to viral or bacterial infection.
females, accompanied by absent knee or ankle jerks
Adie pupil
A decrease in night vision is a potential complication of …
panretinal photocoagulation
… is contraindicated for patients with penetrating eye injuries or acute narrow angle glaucoma, as it increases intra-ocular pressure
Suxamethonium
hypermetropia RF for
myopia RF for
- acute angle glaucoma
- posterior vitreous detachment // retinal detachment // open angle glaucoma
night vision difficulties, charles-bonnet syndrome, flashing lights
ARMD
hay fever, bilateral conjunctiva & haemorrhage, itchy swollen eyelids mx
allergic conjunctivitis
topical/systemic antihistamines –> topical mast cell stabilisers
diagnosis & associations
anterior uveitis
acute red painful eye with small pupil & photophobia
lacrimating with ciliary flush and hypopyon
ank spond
reactive arthritis
IBD
Bechet’s
sarcoid
anterior uveitis Mx
cycloplegics + steroids
urgent referral
conditions where blepharitis is common
sub derma // rosea
if the blurring improves with … then likely cause is a refractive error
a pinhole occluder
sudden, painless unilateral visual loss
relative afferent pupillary defect
‘cherry red’ spot on a pale retina
central retinal artery occlusion
sudden, painless unilateral visual loss
hyperaemia, retinal haemorrhages ‘stormy sunset’
central retinal vein occlusion
presentation & aetiologies of corneal ulcer
eye pain
photophobia
watering of the eye
focal fluorescein staining of the cornea
HZV- dendritic ulcer
contact lens - acanthamobea
keratitis features & mx
red painful eye with photophobia, gritty sensation and hypopyon. mx
topical quinolones 1st line
cycloplegic pain relief
optic neuritis features & mx
unilateral decrease in acuity
pain worse on movement
red desaturation
RAPD
central scotoma
MRI with contrast // high dose steroids
papilloedema features
venous engorgement
blurred optic disc
loss of optic cup
posterior vitreous detachment vs retinal detachment vs vitreous haemorrhage features
sudden floaters
flashes peripherally
blurred vision/cobweb
dark curtain coming down (peripheral -> centre)
curvy lines
central vision loss
use anticoagulants
proliferative diabetic retinopathy
open glaucoma features
peripheral visual field loss (tunnel vision)
– acuity & opic disc cupping
