Haematology Flashcards
myeloma CRAABI
- hyperCa
- Renal (light chain deposition)
- Anaemia
- Bleeding
- Bones (fractures)
- Infection
myeloma Ix findings
- peripheral blood film: rouleaux formation
- electrophoresis: ++ IgA/IgG // Bence Jones proteins in urine
- BM aspiration: raised plasma cellsm
myeloma imaging
XR –> rain-drop skull/pepperpot skull
whole body MRI
blood film findings
- CLL
- CML
- hodgkins
- MM
- AML
- smudge/smear cells: CLL
- pseudo pelger-huet: CML
- reed-sternberg: hidgkin’s
- rouleaux: MM
- auer rods: AML
disproportionate microcytic anaemia & raised HbA2 (plus raised HbF + absent HbA)
beta-thalassaemia trait
howell-jolly bodies
blasts
heinz bodies
schistocytes
spherocytes
- hyposplenism (think coeliac, target cells, acanthocytes)
- AML
- G6PD deficiency
- TTP
- auto-immune haemolytic anaemia
polycythaemia vera mx
aspirin (– risk thrombotic event)
venesection (1st line)
haemochoromatosis monitoring
ferritin and transferrin saturation
(++ ferritin & transferrin // – low TIBC)
reaction to transfusions plus management
- non-haem feb: slow/stop transfusion –> paracetamol
- minor allergic: temp. stop –> antihistamine
- anaphylaxis: stop –> IM adrenaline
- acute haemolytic (ABO): stop –> ocnfirm dx(ID px + coomb) –> supportive
- TACO (hypertensive): slow/stop –> IV diuretics + O2
- TRALI (hypotensive): stop –> supportive
mechanism of
dabigatran
heparin
DOACs
direct thrombin inhibitor
antithrombin III
direct factor Xa inhibitor
Sister Mary Joseph node
palpable nodule in the umbilicus due to metastasis of malignant cancer within the pelvis or abdomen
Bone pain, tenderness and proximal myopathy (→ waddling gait)
osteomalacia
an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase used as first-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia
imatinib
most common inherited clotting disorder
von willebrand disease (autosomal D)
haemophilia A (Factor VIII)
sickle cell crises associated with sudden fall Hb & increased reticulocyte count
- aplastic (– reticulocyte//parovirus)
- sequestration
Cryoprecipitate contains
factor VIII, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor and factor XIII
normocytic anaemia, jaundice, raised reticulocytes and raised LDH 1st line
acute haemolytic anaemia
warm –> steroids
Hodgkin’s lymphoma type that carries the worst prognosis
lymphocyte depleted
Sickle cell patients should be started on long term … to reduce the incidence of complications and acute crises
hydroxycarbamide
prosthetic valves may result in
haemolytic anaemia
causes of macrocytic anaemia
phenytoin
methotrexate
pregnancy
alcohol excess
this medication decreases vitB12 absorption
metformin
Persistent PUO and lymphadenopathy with high WCC? Look for …
lymphoma
drugs precipitating G6PD deficiency
anti-malarials: primaquine
ciprofloxacin
sulph- group drugs: sulphonamides, sulphasalazine, sulfonylureas
(G6PD enzyme assays should be repeated around 3 months after acute haemolytic episodes to avoid false negatives)
