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Pathophysiology > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Dyspnea

dys- -pnea

A

bad, difficulty, painful breathing

shortness of breath

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2
Q

pneum/o pneumon/o pneumat/o

A

lungs

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3
Q

alveol/o

A

alveoli

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4
Q

bronch/o bronchi/o

A

bronchi

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5
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

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6
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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7
Q

hemat/o hem/o

A

blood

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8
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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9
Q

-scopy

A

direct visual examination

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10
Q

-stoma

A

articial mouth or opening

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11
Q

atelectasis

atel- -ectasis

A

the alveoli or part of the lung deflate causing a partial or complete collaspe of the lung

imperfect stretching out

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12
Q

hypoxia

A

inadequate oxygen supply to cells

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13
Q

hypoxemia

hypo ox emia (note only one “o”)

A

inadequate oxygen in the blood

low levels of oxygen in the blood

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14
Q

hypopnea

hypo- -pnea

A

low breathing

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15
Q

apnea

a- -pnea

A

absence of breating

periods of no breating or completely stop breathing

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16
Q

bradypnea

brady- -pnea

A

slow breathing

abnormal slow breathing

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17
Q

lob/i lob/o

A

lobe

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18
Q

pleuritis

pleur- -itis

A

inflammation of the pleura

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19
Q

ox/i ox/o

A

oxygen

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20
Q

phon/o

A

sound

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21
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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22
Q

bronchi/o bronch/o

A

bronchus

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23
Q

diaphragmat/o phren/o

A

diaphragm

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24
Q

thorac/o

A

thorax (chest)

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25
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

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26
Q

atel/o

A

imperfect, incomplete

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27
Q

-ectasis

A

stretching out, dilation, expansion

28
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

29
Q

py/o

30
Q

somn/o

31
Q

spir/o

A

breathe, breathing

32
Q

-algia

33
Q

-ia

A

abnormal condition

34
Q

thoracocentesis

thor

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity

35
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

36
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the chest (pleural space)

37
Q

pneumonia

A

infection of the lungs (alveoli are inflammed filled with fluid or pus)

can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungal

38
Q

pneumothorax

A

air the chest (pleural space) which causes a full or partial collapse of the lung

often due to a open chest wound

39
Q

pyothorax

A

pus in the chest (pleural space)

also called empyema

40
Q

thoracalgia

A

pain in the chest

41
Q

acute respirtatory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

damage to alveoli (fluid filled or collapsed) caused by infection or injury resulting in dyspnea, hypoxemia, crackles, tachypnea

treatment: oxygen, fluid management, and medication

42
Q

asthma

A

inflammation of the bronchial causing constriction of the airway observed by wheezing, shortness of breathe, and coughing

treatment: medication, eliminate irritants (smoking or allergies)

43
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

irreversible progressive tissue damage to the lungs causing obstruction of the airway

emphysema and chronic bronchitis are examples of COPD

44
Q

Croup

A

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, symptoms: barking cough, hoarseness, and stridors, caused by viral or bacteria infection, allergies, or foriegn bodies

treatment: medications (steroids)

45
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands causing an excessive sticky mucus production in the lungs, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms

46
Q

steatorrhea

A

bulky, fatty, foul odor stools

seen in patients who have cystic fibrosis

47
Q

emphysema

A

destruction of alveoli with loss of elastic recoiling, leading to trapped air, common causes smoking and air pollution

a rare cause: inherited alpha-1- antitrypsin deficiency

48
Q

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep which leads to absence of breathing

OSA increases risk for hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke

49
Q

pertussis

A

highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract

also known as whooping cough

50
Q

inspiration

A

the act of drawing in of a breath (inhalation)

allows air into the lungs

51
Q

expiration

A

the act of exhaling air out of lungs including carbon dioxide

52
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid in the pleural space caused by disease or trauma

Types: transudative (watery fluid), exudative(protein-rich fluid), hemothorax (blood)

53
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid accumlation in the alveoli and brocholies

54
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

an embolus that occludes a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed

commonly arise from a deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

55
Q

pneumothorax

A

air or gas in the pleural space leading to lung collapse

56
Q

embolus

A

can be a blood clot, tissue fragment, lipids, or air bubble

57
Q

orthopnea

A

dyspnea that occurs when a person is lying down

58
Q

tuberculosis

A

highly contagious airborne infection caused by mycobacterium

59
Q

upper respiratory tract infection

A

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx

examples: common cold, rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis

60
Q

lower respiratory tract infection

A

infection of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs

examples: tracheitis, bronchitis, broncholitis, pneunomia

61
Q

lobectomy

A

surgical removal of a lobe from the lungs

62
Q

pleuropexy

pleuro- -pexy

A

surgical fixation of the pleura

63
Q

tracheostomy

trache- -ostomy

A

creation of an artifical opening into the trachea

64
Q

tracheotomy

trache- -otomy

A

incision of the trachea

Pathophysiology (15 decks)

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