Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Zero to Finals Medicine > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of lung cancer

A

Non Small Cell Lung Cancer - Squamous Cell Carcinoma & Adenocarcinoma

Small Cell Lung Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Sings and symptoms of lung cancer

A

SoB
Cough
Haemoptymis
Finger clubing
Pneumonia
Weightloss
Lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do you investigate for Lung cancer

A

Chest xray
Staging CT scan - Chest , abdomen and pelvis with contrast
PET CT
Bronchoscopy with biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment options for lung cancer

A

Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the extrapulmonary manefistations of lung cancer

A

Reccurent laryngeal nerve palsy - Hoarse vocie
Phrenic nerve palsy - Diaphram weakness and shortness of breath
Superior vena cava obstruction- facia swelling, distended neck, SOB
SIADH- hyponaturaemia
Cushing syndrome
Hypercalcaemia - ectopic parathyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Lamber-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

A

Myasthenia Gravis caused by lungcancer auto antibodies. Progressive weakness of small muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two classifications of pnuemonia

A

Hopsital aquried penumonia and community aquired pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What will you hear on auscultation in penumonia ?

A

Bronchial Breath Sounds
Focal Course crackles
Dullness to percussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is CURB6573

A

Confusion
Urea >7
resp rate >30
blood pressure <90
AGE >65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the most common pathogens in pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae 50%
Haemophilus influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is atypical penumonia and how do you treat it?

A

Atypical penumonia is caused by an organisim which cannot be detected by culture or gram stain. They are penecillin resistant so you need o use clarithromycin, levofloxacin or doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is special about legionnares disease?

A

It can cause SIADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the usual course for antibiotics

A

Amoxicilin 5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of pneomnia causes target lesions

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What investigations should you do for penumonia?

A

Chest Xray
FBC
U&E
CRP
Sputum culture
Blood culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is FEV1?

A

Volume of air blown out in 1 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two common obstructive lung diseases?

A

Asthma
COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Force vital capactiy

A

Total volume of volume exhaled after full inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What spirometry results do you find in restrictive lung disease?

A

both FEV1 and FVC are reduced. the FEV1:FVC ratio is maintained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What spirometry results would you see in obstructive lung disease

A

FEV1 is less than 75% of the FVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the examples of restrictive lung disease?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis
Sarcoidosis
Obesity
Motor neuron disease
Scoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What questions should you ask in asthma?

A

Episodic
Diurinal
Dry cough with wheese and SOB
Atopy
family history

12
Q

What is the treatment alogrithim for Asthma

A

Short action beta 2 agonist
Then
low dose conticosetroid inhaler
then add in eith leukotrine receptor anatgonist or a LABA (Salmetrol)

13
Q

What are the grades of acute asthma exacerbation?

A

Moderate - PEFR 50-75%
Severe - <50% PEFR and unable to complete sentences
Life threatening - PEFT <33%
Sats <92%
NO WHEEZE

14
Q

Treatment for life threatening asthma

A

Escalate
IV aminophyline, IV salbutamol, IV magnessium

15
Q

Treatment for severe asthma

A

nebulsied salbutamol
Nebulised ipratropium bromide
prednisolone
for 5 days

16
Q

How do you grade breathlessness?

A

1 - breathless on stenuous exercise
2 - breathless on walking up a hill
3 - breathless slow walking on flat
4- stop to catch breath after 100 meters on flat
5- unable to leave house due to breathlessness

17
Q

What do people with COPD show on spiromentry?

A

obstructive picture
FEV1/FVC ration < 70%

18
Q

What are the drug treatments for COPD

A

1 - Salbutamol or Ipratropium
2- if not asthma like then combined LABA and LAMA

If asthma like then LABA and steroid (Fostair or Seretide)

19
Q

What is ipratropium?

A

short acting antimuscarinic

20
Q

What are the two types of respiratory failure?

A

Normal pCO2 and low pO2 = Type 1
Raised pCO2 low pO2 = Type 2

21
Q

How do you know if the target sats should be >95% or should be 88-92%?

A

Do an ABG, if there is a very high bicarbonate this suggests they retain CO2 so you should aim for 88-92% to avoid depressing respiratory drive

22
Q

What is the typical treatment of an exacerbation of COPD?

A

Prednisolone 30mg OD for 2 weeks
Regular inhaler usage
ABX if infection

23
Q

What ABX do you use in exacerbation of COPD?

A

Amoxicillin 500mg tds for 5 days (or doxycycline)

24
Q

What is intersitial lung disease?

A

Conditions which cause inflamation and fibrosis to the lung parenchyma

25
Q

What does intersitial lung disease look like on CT?

A

ground glass

26
Q

What are the two types of pleural effusion?

A

Exudative - high protein
transudative - low protein

27
Q

What causes exudative pleural effusions?

A

inflammation causing protein to leak into pleural space
Lung cancer
Pneumonia
Rheuamtoid Arthritis
TB

28
Q

What causes transudative pleural effusions?

A

Fluid shifiting into the pleural space
Congestive heart failure
low albumin
hypothyrodisim

29
Q

What would you see on Xray in a pleural effusion?

A

blunting of costrophrenic angle
fluid in lung fissures

30
Q

What is Empyema?

A

infected pleural effusion

31
Q

What lab findings are there in empyema?

A

acidic
low glucose
high LDH

32
Q

What is the treatment of penumothorax?

A

if no SOB and less than 2cm rim then leave
If SOB or >2cm then aspiration
if aspiration fails then chest drain

33
Q

What is the managment of tension pneumothorax

A

Insert a large bore cannula into the second costal space in the midclavicular line of the affected side

then insert a chest drain

34
Q

Where do you insert a chest drain?

A

just above the rib in the Triangle of saftey then xray it
5th intercostal space (below nipple)
border of pec major
mid axillary line (latissumus dorsi)

35
Q

Risk factors for PE

A

Stationary
Surgery
Pregnancy or Oestrogen
malignancy
polycythemia
lupus
thrombophilia

36
Q

What do you do if there is a risk of PE?

A

prohpylaxis with enoxapaarin (LMWH)

37
Q

How do you score for risk of PE?

A

Wells score

38
Q

What is D Dimer useful for?

A

it rules out a DVT

39
Q

How do you definativley diagnose a PE

A

CT pulmonary angiogram or Ventelation perfusion scan

40
Q

What do you see in ABG for pulmonry embolisim?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

41
Q

What is the inital managment of PE

A

Oxygen and analgesia
LMWH Enoxaparin or Dalterparin

42
Q

What is the longer term management for PE

A

anticoagulation
Warfarin, or DOAC

43
Q

What do you do if the patient is in real trouble with a PE or LMWH isnt working?

A

thrombolysis with streptokinase

44
Q
A

Zero to Finals Medicine (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions