Cardiac arythmias Flashcards
How do you calculate ECG rate?
6Rt
or
300/RR
How long is a normal PR interval?
120 - 200 miliseconds
How long is a normal QRS complex?
<120 miliseconds
How do you determine cardiac access?
Lead 1 and AVF
Lead 1 + AVF + = Normal
Lead 1 + AVF - = left axis
Lead 1 - AVF + Right axis
What causes left axis deviation?
Left ventricular hypertrophy
LBBB
inferior MI
What causes right axis deviation?
Right ventricular hypertrophy
300/4
75
300/6
50
300/2
150
300/1.5
200
6x8
48
6x14
84
6x12
72
What is artial flutter?
re-entrant rythm in the atria causing atrial rate of 300 bpm and a ventricular rate of 150bpm
Saw tooth baseline P waves
treat with Rate control beta blocker
anticoagulation
What is wolf parkinson white syndrome?
extra electical pathway connecting the atria and ventricles.
What does WPW syndrome look like on ECG?
Short PR interval
Wide QRS
slupped upstroke QRS Delta waves
What causes a short PR interval?
Wolf parkinson white syndrome
What is an abnormal QT interval?
long is < 500 miliseconds
How long is one big square on an ecg?
200 miliseconds (0.2seconds)
What can cause long QT syndrome?
antipsychotics
hypokalaemia
hypocalcaemia
hypomagnesaemia
What is first degree heart block?
Long PR interval, greater than 200 miliseconds (big square)
but every P wave has a QRS complex
What is second degree heart block?
Some P waves dont make it through but some do
What are the two types of second degree heart block?
Morbitz 1 gradually longer PR interval untill there is a dropped beat.
Morbitz 2 (danger) interuppted conduction in a set ratio. e.g 3 p waves to each QRS complex
How can you treat bradycardias and heart blocks?
Atropine
What does Adenosine do?
blocks SA node
what does amidoarone do?
slows overactive venticular contractions
What does atropine do?
atropine is an antimuscarininc with blocks parasympathetic influence on the heart. speeds up heart rate
