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Small animal - Josh > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cats core vaccines

A

FHV
FCV
FPV/ F. Infectious enteritis/ F. Panleukopaenia virus

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2
Q

What are supportive treatments for cat flu

A

Fluids
Nutritional
Eye lube for sore eyes
Metacam
Antibiotics
Appetite stimulant

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3
Q

What could cause FHV to reoccur

A

Stress, this is why once diagnosed we should aim to control stress

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4
Q

How can we lower the cat flu strains transmission

A

Hygiene
In shelters keep barriers between animals
Ensure good ventilation

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5
Q

What diagnostics are we going to do for cat flu

A

Clinical exam
History
Oral swabs
Ocular swabs

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6
Q

What cat flu strain will present with tongue ulcers

A

Feline Calicivirus

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7
Q

Name some flu signs

A

Nasal discharge
Sneezing
Ocular discharge
Rubbing nose

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8
Q

What transmission occurs in FHV and chlamydia felis

A

Close contact

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9
Q

What transmission occurs in F. Calicivirus

A

Environmental spread
Fomite

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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of chlamydia felis

A

Swollen eyes
Flu signs

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11
Q

What sort of infection is chlamydia felis

A

Intracellular bacteria-like organism

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12
Q

How would you treat chlamydia felis

A

Doxycycline (targets intracellular bacteria)

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13
Q

Why would we not treat all flus with antibiotics

A

Some are caused by virus’

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14
Q

What is a typical sign of cyanosis

A

Blue tongue (unless a chow chow)

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15
Q

What is the pathophysiology of cyanosis

A

Hypoxaemia

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16
Q

What can we immediately do for cyanosis cases

A

Provide oxygen
Check for an obstruction
Place them in sterna’s recumbency

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17
Q

What is the pleura

A

It is the membrane that covers the lungs

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18
Q

Is pleural space disease usually bilateral or unilateral

A

Bilateral

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19
Q

What is the mediastinum

A

The space between the two lungs

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20
Q

What is pleural effusion

A

Fluid in the pleural space

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21
Q

What is pneumothorax

A

Air in the pleural space

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22
Q

What is pyothorax

A

Inflammatory fluid / pus in the chest cavity

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23
Q

What are the 5 areas of the lungs we can localise to?

A

Alveoli
Interstitium
Airways
Blood vessels
Other processes

24
Q

Why can pleural space disease lead to a collapsed lungs

A

This is due to a loss of negative pressure in the thoracic cavity

25
Q

Name some clinical signs of pleural disease

A

Increased resp rate
Increased resp effort
Open mouth breathing (cats)
Cyanosis
Restrictive breathing patterns (short pants)

26
Q

What intercostal spaces do you carry out thoracocentesis

A

ICS 6-8

27
Q

Why is thoracocentesis contraindicated in haemorrhage?

A

Removes blood from the central circulation
It leaves a space for more blood to refill once the initial blood is removed

28
Q

Cause of low protein transudate

A

Decreased oncotic pressure due to hypoalbuminaemia

29
Q

Cause of modified transudate (high protein transudate)

A

High hydrostatic pressure
(Often secondary to CHF)

30
Q

Describe how to carry out a bronchoalveolar lavage

A

Put tube down the trachea, flush with some saline and then aspirate the saline. The contents can then be analysed

31
Q

Clinical examination signs that point towards alveolar disease

A

Cyanosis
Crackles

32
Q

What is aspiration pneumonia

A

The inhalation of a foreign body into the lower airway

33
Q

What determines the prognosis of an aspiration pneumonia

A

What what aspirated

34
Q

Signs of aspiration pneumonia

A

Cough
Reduced lung sounds
Tachypnoea
Radiograph - alveolar pattern

35
Q

What antibiotic properties are important for treating respiratory tract disease

A

High concentration
Based off a culture and sensitivity
Lipophillic to dissolve the blood-bronchus barrier
Bactericidal

36
Q

What is an anti-tussive

A

cough suppressent

37
Q

why do we not want to suppress coughing

A

coughing is a natural protective process

38
Q

what is A. vasorum

A

A nemotode found in the pulmonary artery

39
Q

what are some clinical signs of A. vasorum

A

Breathlessness, coughing, neurological signs

40
Q

What would the signs be for an infestation of A. vasorum

A

Ex. intolerance
Chronic cough
Syncope (fainting)
dyspnoea
Tachypnoea
Depression
Ataxia

41
Q

How would we diagnose A. vasorum

A

Finding L1 in a faecal sample
Finding L1 in a BAL sample
Radiography may show alveolar infiltrates

42
Q

how would we treat a. vasorum

A

bronchodilators
Corticosteroids
Supportive treatment (oxygen)
Ivermectin

43
Q

what tissues are associated with the pulmonary perencymal

A

Alveoli
Interstitium

44
Q

What is a main breed dispostion for Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

WHWT, and most terrier breeds

45
Q

What will we find on clinical exam for IPF (interstitial pulmonary fibrosis)

A

Crackles in the lung field
Longer expiratory phase
Increase expiratory effort

46
Q

What will a radiogrpah of IPF show

A

Interstitial lung pattern (mist)
Cardiomegaly

47
Q

How do we diagnose IPF

A

Thoracic radiograph
Clinical signs
CT
Bronchoscopy (BAL to rule out other causes)

48
Q

Treatment for IPF (interstitial pulmonary fibrosis)

A

Symptomatic - Avoid collars and smoke inhalation

Therapeutic - Bronchodilators, corticosteroids

49
Q

What are some treatment options for Metastatic disease in the lungs

A

Surgical removal
Chemotherapy

50
Q

If we find mets on the lungs what should we do?

A

Radiograph the patient to see if there are mets elsewhere in the body

51
Q

What are some typical signs of respiratory disease

A

change in respiration (effort, rate, sound)
Coughing
Sneezing / nasal discharge
Cyanosis

52
Q

What is infectious tracheo-bronchitis

A

An infectious disease of the URT

53
Q

What can cause tracheo-bronchitis?

A

Canine adenovirus-2
Canine parainfluenza
Bordatella bronchiseptica

54
Q

Name two medications that are anti-tussives

A

Butorphanol
Codeine

55
Q

where do we find cough receptors

A

Above the broncus bifercation

Small animal - Josh (12 decks)

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