Dermatology

Question 1

How would you approach a pruritic case

Answer 1

Rule out ectoparasites and microbial causes. then consider food induced and environmental atopic dermatitis

Question 2

You take a sample from under a crust and see intracellular bacteria. what is your diagnosis

Answer 2

Superficial pyoderma

Question 3

How long should a diet exclusion trial take place for

Answer 3

8 weeks

Question 4

a dog has pruritis and alopecia on the caudal dorsal part of their body. what is your main ddx

Answer 4

allergic flea bite dermatitis

Question 5

what are the 4 cutaneous patterns in cats

Answer 5

1. self induced alopecia
2. face, head and neck pruritis
3. military dermatitis
4. eosinophilic granuloma complex

Question 6

how would you initially treat surface pyoderma

Answer 6

Chlorhexidine 2-4% w/ moisturiser topically

Question 7

Why do we suggest moisturiser alongside chlorhexidine 2-4%?

Answer 7

Chlorhexidine is a drying agent and will cause the skin to become dry, which may increase risk of secondary infection

Question 8

What is malassezia? And what would it look like on a slide?

Answer 8

it is a yeast. footprint/snowman/peanuts

Question 9

when would you use stained acetate tape

Answer 9

For microbial assessment

Question 10

When would you use unstained acetate tape

Answer 10

for ectoparasite assessment

Question 11

Considerations for using steroids to treat pruritis in atopic dermatitis

Answer 11

Rule out demodex before starting preds.

Question 12

Common lesions for a bacterial pyoderma

Answer 12

Pustules/ epidermal colarettes / crusting / scale

Question 13

Would you be concerned if you saw demodex on a slide with no clinical signs?

Answer 13

No. A few can be seen if there’s no clinical presentation. An overgrowth suggests an underlying cause needs to be investigated as well as treating the demodex infestation.

Question 14

Feline demodex species

Answer 14

Demodex cati, demodex gatoi

Question 15

Canine demodex species

Answer 15

Demodex canis, demodex injai

Question 16

Breed predisposition for demodex injai

Answer 16

WHWT

Question 17

Punch out ulcerated lesions

Answer 17

Vasculitis

Question 18

Atopic dogs usually have problems with which other areas

Answer 18

Ears and anal glands

Question 19

The golden trio of more specific atopy treatments (from least to most specific)

Answer 19

Apoquel (oclacitinib), monthly cytopoint injections, immunotherapy.

Preds can be used first line but are very non specific and cause the most side effects :)

Question 20

What treatments are involved in poly pharmacy medication

Answer 20

Antifungal
Antimicrobial
Anti-inflammatory

Question 21

Anti- inflammatory and immunosuppressive dose of prednisolone

Answer 21

0.5mg/kg anti inflammatory dose
1mg/kg immunosuppressive dose

Question 22

What is oclacitinib (apoquel)

Answer 22

JAK-1 inhibitor

Question 23

Why should you look at an indirect ear smear straight away

Answer 23

The mites can walk off the slide before you look at it

Question 24

Pruritis before lesions

Answer 24

Allergies, infectious

Question 25

Lesions before pruritis

Answer 25

Endocrine

Question 26

Asymmetric lesions v bilaterally symmetrical lesions

Answer 26

External cause v internal cause

Question 27

Coat brush

Answer 27

Fleas
Lice

Question 28

Superficial skin scrape / acetate tape strip / combing (scale from comb)

Answer 28

Surface parasites e.g. cheyletiella, d gatoi, Lice, Neotrombicula (harvest mites)

Question 29

Deep skin scrape

Answer 29

Deep parasites e.g. d canis/ cati/ injai, sarcoptes

Question 30

Hair pluck

Answer 30

Demodex canis/ cati (root)
Lice/ cheyletiella (eggs seen on shaft)

Question 31

Is sarcoptic mange species specific?

Answer 31

Yes, the infectious agent is Sarcoptes scabiei var canis :)

Question 32

Dog with dull coat lethargy bradycardia

Answer 32

Hypothyroidism

Question 33

Dog with thinning of coat PUPD polyphagia

Answer 33

Hyperadrenocorticism (CUSHINGS)

Question 34

What’s the most common cause of crust

Answer 34

Superficial pyoderma

Question 35

Is crusting specific or non-specific

Answer 35

Non-specific (very!)

Question 36

When taking a biopsy for crusting what should you do

Answer 36

Do not wash the area
Cut the hair back with scissors
Take punch biopsies including the crust
Resolve any secondary infection first

Question 37

What is the main cause of squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 37

UV
Therefore areas of affect are non-pigmented skin (pinna, nose)

Question 38

How do you diagnose SCC (squamous cell carcinoma)

Answer 38

Histopathology

Question 39

How do you treat infiltrative SCC

Answer 39

Cut off the ear or part of the nose off (depending on affected area)

Question 40

What is canine juvenile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis also known as

Answer 40

Puppy strangles

Question 41

Clinical signs of puppy strangles

Answer 41

Acute swelling
Pyrexic
Depressed
Anorexic
Lymphadenopathy

Question 42

How do we treat puppy strangles

Answer 42

Immunosuppressive dose of prednisolone

Question 43

To taper off of an immunosuppressive dose without losing efficacy what other drug can we use

Answer 43

We can use immunosuppressive agents such as: ciclosporine

Question 44

Are most canine tumours high or low malignancy?

Answer 44

Low malignancy

Question 45

Are most feline tumours high or low malignancy?

Answer 45

High malignancy