Dermatology Flashcards
How would you approach a pruritic case
Rule out ectoparasites and microbial causes. then consider food induced and environmental atopic dermatitis
You take a sample from under a crust and see intracellular bacteria. what is your diagnosis
Superficial pyoderma
How long should a diet exclusion trial take place for
8 weeks
a dog has pruritis and alopecia on the caudal dorsal part of their body. what is your main ddx
allergic flea bite dermatitis
what are the 4 cutaneous patterns in cats
- self induced alopecia
- face, head and neck pruritis
- military dermatitis
- eosinophilic granuloma complex
how would you initially treat surface pyoderma
Chlorhexidine 2-4% w/ moisturiser topically
Why do we suggest moisturiser alongside chlorhexidine 2-4%?
Chlorhexidine is a drying agent and will cause the skin to become dry, which may increase risk of secondary infection
What is malassezia? And what would it look like on a slide?
it is a yeast. footprint/snowman/peanuts
when would you use stained acetate tape
For microbial assessment
When would you use unstained acetate tape
for ectoparasite assessment
Considerations for using steroids to treat pruritis in atopic dermatitis
Rule out demodex before starting preds.
Common lesions for a bacterial pyoderma
Pustules/ epidermal colarettes / crusting / scale
Would you be concerned if you saw demodex on a slide with no clinical signs?
No. A few can be seen if there’s no clinical presentation. An overgrowth suggests an underlying cause needs to be investigated as well as treating the demodex infestation.
Feline demodex species
Demodex cati, demodex gatoi
Canine demodex species
Demodex canis, demodex injai
Breed predisposition for demodex injai
WHWT
Punch out ulcerated lesions
Vasculitis
Atopic dogs usually have problems with which other areas
Ears and anal glands
The golden trio of more specific atopy treatments (from least to most specific)
Apoquel (oclacitinib), monthly cytopoint injections, immunotherapy.
Preds can be used first line but are very non specific and cause the most side effects :)
What treatments are involved in poly pharmacy medication
Antifungal
Antimicrobial
Anti-inflammatory
Anti- inflammatory and immunosuppressive dose of prednisolone
0.5mg/kg anti inflammatory dose
1mg/kg immunosuppressive dose
What is oclacitinib (apoquel)
JAK-1 inhibitor
Why should you look at an indirect ear smear straight away
The mites can walk off the slide before you look at it
Pruritis before lesions
Allergies, infectious
Lesions before pruritis
Endocrine
Asymmetric lesions v bilaterally symmetrical lesions
External cause v internal cause
Coat brush
Fleas
Lice
Superficial skin scrape / acetate tape strip / combing (scale from comb)
Surface parasites e.g. cheyletiella, d gatoi, Lice, Neotrombicula (harvest mites)
Deep skin scrape
Deep parasites e.g. d canis/ cati/ injai, sarcoptes
Hair pluck
Demodex canis/ cati (root)
Lice/ cheyletiella (eggs seen on shaft)
Is sarcoptic mange species specific?
Yes, the infectious agent is Sarcoptes scabiei var canis :)
Dog with dull coat lethargy bradycardia
Hypothyroidism
Dog with thinning of coat PUPD polyphagia
Hyperadrenocorticism (CUSHINGS)
What’s the most common cause of crust
Superficial pyoderma
Is crusting specific or non-specific
Non-specific (very!)
When taking a biopsy for crusting what should you do
Do not wash the area
Cut the hair back with scissors
Take punch biopsies including the crust
Resolve any secondary infection first
What is the main cause of squamous cell carcinoma
UV
Therefore areas of affect are non-pigmented skin (pinna, nose)
How do you diagnose SCC (squamous cell carcinoma)
Histopathology
How do you treat infiltrative SCC
Cut off the ear or part of the nose off (depending on affected area)
What is canine juvenile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis also known as
Puppy strangles
Clinical signs of puppy strangles
Acute swelling
Pyrexic
Depressed
Anorexic
Lymphadenopathy
How do we treat puppy strangles
Immunosuppressive dose of prednisolone
To taper off of an immunosuppressive dose without losing efficacy what other drug can we use
We can use immunosuppressive agents such as: ciclosporine
Are most canine tumours high or low malignancy?
Low malignancy
Are most feline tumours high or low malignancy?
High malignancy
