respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory consequences of CF

A

low volume thick airway secretions -> reduces airway clearance
results in bacterial colonisation and susceptibility to airway infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pancreatic consequences of CF

A

thick pancreatic and biliary secretions that cause blockage of ducts -> lack of digestive enzymes in the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

associated conditions of CF

A

pancreatitis
recurrent LRTI
failure to thrive
DM
male infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is meconium ileus

A

sign of CF
thick and sticky meconium which gets stuck and obstructs the bowels
characterised by not passing meconium within 24hrs, abdo distension and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

clinical presentation of CF - symptoms

A

chronic cough
thick sputum production
steatorrhoea
parent may say child tastes salty when they kiss them
poor weight and height gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

signs of CF

A

finger clubbing
crackles and wheezes on auscultation
abdo distention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

investigations for CF

A

newborn blood spot testing
sweat test
genetic testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is offered to prevent staph aureus infection for children with CF from 3yrs to 6yrs

A

flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

management for CF patient developing pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

eradication therapy with a course of oral/ IV abx and inhaled abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

management for CF

A

chest physio
exercise
high calorie diet
creon tablets to digest fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is bronchiolitis

A

LRTI commonly affecting babies in their first year of life - peak at 3-6months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

most common cuase of bronchiolitis

A

RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

risk factors of bronchiolitis

A

congenital heart disease
preterm
neuromuscular disorders
under 3months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

clinical presentation for bronchiolitis

A

coryza
chest recessions
tachypnoea
poor feeding
fever
wheeze and crackles on auscultation
persistent cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

management for bronchiolitis

A

ng tube/ iv fluids
o2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what ventilatory support is given in bronchiolitis if supplementary o2 is not sufficient

A

high flow humidified o2
cpap
intubation and ventilation

17
Q

signs of poor ventilation in cap gas

A

rising co2
falling ph

18
Q

what is given to high risk babies to prevent bronchiolitis caused by RSV

A

palivizumab
given to babies who are ex prems and those with congenital heart disease

19
Q

what is gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of stomach to the intestines

20
Q

clinical presentation of gastroenteritis

A

sudden onset nausea and vomiting
sudden onset diarrhoea
dry mucous membranes
reduced uo
stomach pain

21
Q

causes of gastroenteritis

A

mainly viral - rotavirus and norovirus
bacterial- campylobacter jejuni, e.coli

22
Q

gastroenteritis management

A

rehydration - low osmolarity oral rehydration salt solution if child is at increased risk of dehydration
abx (only in some cases - not routinely given)
anti diarrhoeals and anti-emitics not recommended

23
Q

investigations for gastroenteritis

A

stool culture and sensitivity - not routine but maybe be considered if systemically unwell, immunocompromised, contact with an affected person etc

24
Q

at what age is croup common in

A

6months - 3yrs

25
what is croup
laryngotracheobronchitis causing mucosal inflammation and increased secretion which affect the airways
26
common cuase of croup
parainfluenza virus
27
clinical presentation of croup
sudden onset of barking cough stridor increased work of breathing hoarse voice fever
28
management for croup
oral dexamethasone if too unwell for oral - inhaled budenoside or IM dexamethasone o2
29
when is croup often worse
often worse and also starts at night
30
what is viral induced wheeze
acute wheezy illness caused by a viral infection
31
clinical presentation of viral induced wheeze
sob signs of resp distress expiratory wheeze throughout the chest
32
what are the 2 patterns of wheezing
transient early wheezing- virus associated wheeze persistent and recurrent early wheezing- stimuli triggered wheeze
33
clinical presentation of asthma
wheeze worse at night and early morning triggers positive response from asthma therapy
34
management for asthma
ICS and SABA ICS and LTRA ICS and LABA