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Paediatrics > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory consequences of CF

A

low volume thick airway secretions -> reduces airway clearance
results in bacterial colonisation and susceptibility to airway infections

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2
Q

pancreatic consequences of CF

A

thick pancreatic and biliary secretions that cause blockage of ducts -> lack of digestive enzymes in the GI tract

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3
Q

associated conditions of CF

A

pancreatitis
recurrent LRTI
failure to thrive
DM
male infertility

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4
Q

what is meconium ileus

A

sign of CF
thick and sticky meconium which gets stuck and obstructs the bowels
characterised by not passing meconium within 24hrs, abdo distension and vomiting

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5
Q

clinical presentation of CF - symptoms

A

chronic cough
thick sputum production
steatorrhoea
parent may say child tastes salty when they kiss them
poor weight and height gain

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6
Q

signs of CF

A

finger clubbing
crackles and wheezes on auscultation
abdo distention

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7
Q

investigations for CF

A

newborn blood spot testing
sweat test
genetic testing

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8
Q

what is offered to prevent staph aureus infection for children with CF from 3yrs to 6yrs

A

flucloxacillin

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9
Q

management for CF patient developing pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

eradication therapy with a course of oral/ IV abx and inhaled abx

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10
Q

management for CF

A

chest physio
exercise
high calorie diet
creon tablets to digest fats

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11
Q

what is bronchiolitis

A

LRTI commonly affecting babies in their first year of life - peak at 3-6months

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12
Q

most common cuase of bronchiolitis

A

RSV

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13
Q

risk factors of bronchiolitis

A

congenital heart disease
preterm
neuromuscular disorders
under 3months

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14
Q

clinical presentation for bronchiolitis

A

coryza
chest recessions
tachypnoea
poor feeding
fever
wheeze and crackles on auscultation
persistent cough

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15
Q

management for bronchiolitis

A

ng tube/ iv fluids
o2

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16
Q

what ventilatory support is given in bronchiolitis if supplementary o2 is not sufficient

A

high flow humidified o2
cpap
intubation and ventilation

17
Q

signs of poor ventilation in cap gas

A

rising co2
falling ph

18
Q

what is given to high risk babies to prevent bronchiolitis caused by RSV

A

palivizumab
given to babies who are ex prems and those with congenital heart disease

19
Q

what is gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of stomach to the intestines

20
Q

clinical presentation of gastroenteritis

A

sudden onset nausea and vomiting
sudden onset diarrhoea
dry mucous membranes
reduced uo
stomach pain

21
Q

causes of gastroenteritis

A

mainly viral - rotavirus and norovirus
bacterial- campylobacter jejuni, e.coli

22
Q

gastroenteritis management

A

rehydration - low osmolarity oral rehydration salt solution if child is at increased risk of dehydration
abx (only in some cases - not routinely given)
anti diarrhoeals and anti-emitics not recommended

23
Q

investigations for gastroenteritis

A

stool culture and sensitivity - not routine but maybe be considered if systemically unwell, immunocompromised, contact with an affected person etc

24
Q

at what age is croup common in

A

6months - 3yrs

25
Q

what is croup

A

laryngotracheobronchitis causing mucosal inflammation and increased secretion which affect the airways

26
Q

common cuase of croup

A

parainfluenza virus

27
Q

clinical presentation of croup

A

sudden onset of barking cough
stridor
increased work of breathing
hoarse voice
fever

28
Q

management for croup

A

oral dexamethasone
if too unwell for oral - inhaled budenoside or IM dexamethasone

o2

29
Q

when is croup often worse

A

often worse and also starts at night

30
Q

what is viral induced wheeze

A

acute wheezy illness caused by a viral infection

31
Q

clinical presentation of viral induced wheeze

A

sob
signs of resp distress
expiratory wheeze throughout the chest

32
Q

what are the 2 patterns of wheezing

A

transient early wheezing- virus associated wheeze
persistent and recurrent early wheezing- stimuli triggered wheeze

33
Q

clinical presentation of asthma

A

wheeze
worse at night and early morning
triggers
positive response from asthma therapy

34
Q

management for asthma

A

ICS and SABA

ICS and LTRA

ICS and LABA

Paediatrics (16 decks)

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