cardiology Flashcards
what is atrial septal defect
hole in the septum between the 2 atria causing a left to right shunt
types of atrial septal defects
secondum ASD - fails to close in the middle part of the atrial septum
primum ASD- fails to close in the lower part of the atrial septum
what can primum ASD lead to
AV valves defects making it an AV septal defect
complications of ASD
stroke
AF or atrial flutter
Eisenmenger syndrome
pulmonary htn
what is Eisenmenger syndrome
right to left shunt as pulmonary pressure becomes greater than systemic pressure causing blood to bypass lungs and patient becomes cyanotic
murmur in ASD
mid systolic crescendo- decrescendo
clinical presentation in ASD
commonly asymptomatic
sob
recurrent LRTI
difficulty feeding
poor weight gain
what can patients with ASD who were asymptomatic in childhood present with in adulthood
dyspnoea
heart failure
stroke
management for ASD
transvenous catheter closure via femoral vein
open heart surgery
anticoags
what is VSD associated with
downs and turners syndrome
what is VSD
congenital hole in the septum between the 2 ventricles causing a left to right shunt
complications of VSD
eisenmenger syndrome
IE
murmur in VSD
mid diastolic murmur
or
pansystolic murmur or no murmur (implies large defect)
management for VSD
transvenous catheter closure
clinical presentation of VSD
small VSD - asymptomatic
large:
poor feeding
tachypnoea
sob
failure to thrive
recurrent LRTI
