Dermatology Flashcards
what is SSS (scalded skin syndrome)
superficial blistering skin disorder where there is detachment of the epidermis
caused by staph aureus
what age is SSS predominantly seen in
under 5yrs
clinical presentation of SSS
nikolsky sign
fever and malaise
blisters that rupture then lead to the epidermis to peel off to give the skin a burned-like appearance
investigations for sss
skin swabs
blood cultures
skin biopsy
management for SSS
IV abx
analgesia
monitor and maintain fluids
skin care
what is impetigo
contagious bacterial skin infection usually caused by staph aureus
classified as non-bullous or bullous
clinical presentation of impetigo
honey coloured crusted lesions which affects face, neck and hands
management for impetigo
topical antiseptic - h2o2 1%
oral abx - flucloxacillin
complications of impetigo
cellulitis
sepsis
sss
what is scarlet fever
infection caused by strep pyogenes (group a )
what age is scarlet fever common in and how long does the infection last for
lasts around 1 week
common in children between 2-8yrs age
clinical presentation of scarlet fever
sore throat
headache
fatigue
n and v
rash after 12-48hrs
strawberry tongue
cervical lymphadenopathy
red flushed cheeks
type of rash seen in scarlet fever
macular rash with rough sandpaper skin
spares palms and sole
management for scarlet fever
- abx - phenoxymethylpenicillin for 10 days
- clarithromycin if allergic
complications for scarlet fever
rheumatic fever
post-strep glomerulonephritis
what is slapped cheek syndrome
infection caused by parvovirus b19
spread by resp route
when is slapped cheek no longer contagious
when rash appears
clinical features of slapped cheek syndrome
fever, sore throat
fatigue
temperature
headache
joint/ muscle pain
rash on cheeks
complications of slapped cheek
aplastic anaemia
encephalitis
meningitis
severe anaemia and miscarriage in pregnancy
rash in chickenpox
macular→ papular → vesicular → pustular → crusting
starts on trunk/ face and spreads outwards affecting whole body over 2-5 days
once lesions scab over they stop being contagious
management of chicken pox
supportive - self limiting
fluid intake
smooth cotton fabrics
short nails to minimize damage from scratching
calamine lotion
oral acyclovir if 14yrs or older
what is henoch schonlein purpura often preceded by
URTI
clinical presentation of HSP
periarticular oedema
joint stiffness
abdo pain
fever
rash - butt, arms, legs
glomerulonephritis
investigations for HSP
urinalysis
bloods
what is kawasaki disease
systemic vasculitis affecting medium vessels
most common form in children
clinical presentation for kawasaki disease
fever for more than 5days
red mucous membranes
maculopapular rash
cervical lymphadenopathy
peeling fingers and toes
conjunctivitis
management for kawasaki disease
- IV immunoglobulins
- aspirin -reduce risk of thrombosis
- high dose at first
complications of kawasaki
aneurysm of coronary arteries as it causes dilatation
at what age is Kawasaki more common in
6months - 4yrs
what is rubella caused by
rubella virus
when do symptoms of rubella present
2 weeks after
clinical presentation of rubella
maculopapular rash
lymphadenopathy
fever
sore throat
joint pain
where does rash of rubella start
starts on face or behind ears and spreads to the neck and body
management for rubella
supportive
self-limiting
affected children should avoid pregnant women
complications of rubella
- thrombocytopenia
- encephalitis
- congenital rubella syndrome
- deafness, blindness, congenital heart disease
