respiratory Flashcards
airway differences
babies nose breathe until 3-4 mo, larger tongue/adenoids/tonsils, trachea 4mm and tunnel shaped trachea
age factors
less alveoli, flexible chest wall, tidal volume dependent on diaphragm, intercostal muscles cannot lift chest wall
resp assess
pale/cyanotic?, anxious/restless/lethargic, obstructed, muffled voice, secretions, effort, retractions, grunting
respiratory distress management
mist, oxygen, nasal saline, ease anxiety, position, sneeze/cough technique, oral rehydration, clear w saline then suction, iv fluid if no po, watch for deterioration; labored, fatigue, mental status change, new no eating or drinking
acute nasopharyngitis cause
RSV, rhinovirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, flu
acute nasopharyngitis manifestations
nasal mucus, mouth breathing, irritability, restlessness, fever, 7-10 day duration
acute nasopharyngitis management
rest, humidifier, fluids, decongestants, elevate HOB, nasal saline, bulb suction
acute nasopharyngitis complications
bacterial infection of ears/throat/sinuses/lungs
acute otitis media
viral or bacterial, fever and pain, antibiotic if bacterial/viral will resolve itself, breastfeed, avoid second hand smoke, immunize
flu
droplet, fever, chills, aches, runny nose, cough, diarrhea, fatigue, 4-5 day duration, potential sinusitis/pneumonia/myositis
flu treatment
medication, honey for cough over 2 yrs, vax,
acute pharyngitis
viral/streptococci, pharyngitis/headache/fever/abdominal pain/inflamed tonsils w exudate/sandpaper rash, possible rheumatic fever/glomerulonephritis abscess
acute pharyngitis
strep test and throat culture, po penicillin, azithromycin, cephalosporin, pain management, saline gargles, hydration, lozenges, cool liquids, change toothbrush
mono
epstein-barr virus, fever/malaise/sore throat/lyphadenopathy
NSAIDs/lozenges/salt water gargles
splenic rupture; no contact sports for 3 weeks/guillian-barre syndrome/meningitis/hepatitis/cancer
COVID-19
fever, cough, smell or taste, sob, fatigue, aches, headache, sore throat, diarrhea
NSAIDs, fluids, antivirals over 12, steroids w airway support
inflammatory syndrome; rash, erythema, edema, conjunctivitis, AMS, lethargy, hypotension
croup
3mo-3yrs, viral
stridor, contractions, nasal flaring, cough, hoarseness, tachypnea, temp, URI symptoms, symptomatic @night, 3-5 days
mist, nebulizer epi, steroids, nasal saline
epiglottis
EMERGENCY, h. influenzae
abrupt, fever, sore throat, drooling, anxiety, irritability, resp distress
postion, o2, intubation @ bedside, antibiotics, intense observation, corticosteroids
Hib vax
bronchiolitis
viral (RSV), winter and spring, contact
rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, couching, wheezing, fever, retractions, apnea
ELISA, IFA, x-ray (hyperinflation)
oxygen, fluids, airway, nasal saline, suction, position
pnemonia
viral, bacterial, mycoplasma, fungal, aspiration
fever, cough, tachypnea, crackles, malaise, lethargy, anorexia, abd pain, CXR, *chronis –> eval for asthma/cystic fibrosis
possible empyema, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, abscess, bacteremia
vax
pertussis
whooping cough, copious secretions
possible hypoxemia, apnea, pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy, death
PCR, azithromycin, vax
TB
2-10 week incubation
fever, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, cough, diminished breath sounds, pallor, weakness, night sweats
skin test, x-ray, culture
isolation room, rifampin&pyrazinamide, isoniazid
asthma
recurrent cough, sob, wheezing, exercise intolerance, hypoxia
airway remodeling
PFTs, PEFT, skin, RAST, x-ray (hyperinflation)
avoid triggers, corticosteroids, SABAs, buterols, LABAs, anticholinergics
cystic fibrosis
inherited recessive gene, 46 yr survival
increased secretions
salty skin, dehydration, altered electrolytes, meconium ileum, bulky greasy stool, malabsorption, FTT, altered pancreatic enzymes, mucus plugs, chronic resp infections, decreased fertility
cystic fibrosis testing and management
sweat chloride test, x-ray, PFTs, stool fat/enzyme analysis
minimize comps, max function, nutrition, infection prevention, CPT, vibration and positional drainage, PEP, breathing and physical exercises, pancreatic enzyme replacement, high protein high calorie diet
