Respiratory

Question 1

What is the key function of the Pharynx ?

Answer 1

Takes in air and food (pharynx = food)

Question 2

what is the key function of the Larynx ?

Answer 2

Only takes air

Question 3

When air flows in what is greater, atmospheric or alveoli pressure ?

Answer 3

atmospheric

Question 4

Are any accessory muscles involved with a normal active inspiration ?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

What muscles cause active inspiration?

Answer 5

external intercostal muscles, intercostal muscles and the diaphragm

Question 6

Hypoventilation is ? What does it do to the alveolar?

Answer 6

Slow Shallow Breathing, Decreased alveolar ventilation (hypO- slOw and shellOw)

Question 7

Hyperventilation is ? What does it do to the alveolar?

Answer 7

Fast Deep Breathing, Increased alveolar ventilation (hypEr - dEEp)

Question 8

What is the main factor to take away from ficks law?

Answer 8

The pressure gradient - without this pressure gradient you don’t have any driving force for air moving around

Question 9

Oxygen is carried in the blood in what 2 forms?

Answer 9

It bounds to the haemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells and Dissolved within plasma

Question 10

carbon dioxide is carried in the blood in what three forms?

Answer 10

1. Dissolved in plasma
2. Combined with haemoglobin
3. As bicarbonate - HCO3-

Question 11

What is Alkalosis? what compensates for it ?

Answer 11

is a decreased concentration of H+ ions, compensates by Hypoventilating to increase CO2 , can pee off

Question 12

What is Acidosis ? what compensates for it ?

Answer 12

Is increased concentration of hydrogen ions, compensated for by Hyperventilating and could pee off (someone starting to excersie but doesn’t increase ventilation they will get acidosis which will cause them to fain or collapse)

Question 13

What is the Bohf effect?

Answer 13

It refers to either a left or right shift in the oxy-haemoglobin
dissociation curve which is caused by either an
decrease/increase in CO2, H+
ions (pH) and temperature.

Question 14

The Bohr Effect shifts Left when ?

Answer 14

Left shift occurs in the lungs and facilitates more loading
of oxygen. Caused by lower levels of CO2 & H+ and low
temperature

Question 15

The Bohr Effect shifts Right when ?

Answer 15

Right shift occurs in the tissues and facilitates more
release of oxygen (increased unloading). Caused by higher levels of CO2 & H+ and high temperature

Question 16

How do you work out the alveolar ventilation ?