Gastrointestinal

Question 1

What are 3 macronutrients?

Answer 1

Carbs, Proteins, Fats

Question 2

What are macronutrients used for by our cells?

Answer 2

• To make ATP (energy)
• To make new cell parts
• To maintain cellular function

Question 3

What are the 2 types of digestion that food undergoes in the Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)?

Answer 3

Physical & Chemical

Question 4

What is physical digestion?

Answer 4

Breaks food down into smaller pieces by chewing food and in the stomach by mixing (propulsion and retropulsion)

Question 5

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 5

Uses chemicals such as digestive enzymes to breakdown foods so easily absorbed into blood

Question 6

What are digestive enzymes?

Answer 6

Proteins that break down bonds into smaller building blocks

Question 7

What are the 6 main parts of the GIT?

Answer 7

Mouth, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum & Anus

Question 8

How does food move through the GIT?

Answer 8

Peristalsis

Question 9

What are the 4 main GIT accessory organs?

Answer 9

Salivary glands, Liver, Gall bladder, Pancreas

Question 10

What is Peristalsis?

Answer 10

Waves of smooth muscle contractions that move food through GIT

Question 11

What prevents food from going the wrong way? How?

Answer 11

Sphincters - Controls entry into next sections of the tract, prevents backward movement.

Question 12

What is the roll of the stomach in digestion?

Answer 12

Storage of food, Physically breaking down food, Chemically digesting proteins

Question 13

What is the roll of the small intestine?

Answer 13

completion of chemical digestion, absorption of 90% of nutrients

Question 14

What is the roll of the large intestine?

Answer 14

Absorption of vitamins and water, forms and stores faeces

Question 15

Why is the gut microbiome important?

Answer 15

• helps digest food
• defends harmful microganisims
• produces vitamins
• regulates metabolisms
• Influences gut and brain communication

Question 16

How is the Gut Microbiome affected by diet and exercise?

Answer 16

• Diet plays a roll in what kinds of microbiota live in the colon
• The more exercise the more bacterial diversity (good health)

Question 17

What parts of the GIT absorb nutrients?

Answer 17

Small Intestine

Question 18

How does the GIT absorb carbs ?

Answer 18

Carbs are broken down both physically and chemically (e.g. by enzymes) into the single units glucose, fructose, and/or galactose, which are absorbed into the blood stream and transported for use as energy throughout the body

Question 19

Why is sodium (Na+) important for the absorption of carbs and protein?

Answer 19

Sodium has a concentration gradient, Sodium electrical gradient

Question 20

Where is the water absorbed in the GIT?

Answer 20

proximal small intestine

Question 21

How does exercise affect the blood supply of the GIT?

Answer 21

reduced blood flow to organs, increased blood-flow to skeletal muscles