Life Processes Flashcards
What are the 3 parts of a atom?
Protons(+), Neurons(0) & Electrons(-)
Why are electrons so important?
Electrons = electricity = controls nervous system
What is an ion ?
Is a charged version of an atom
How does an atom become an ion?
An atom needs to give away an electron (-) to become stable, this makes it a positively charged ion
What is an ionic bond?
Exchanged electrons
What is a covalent bond?
Shared electrons
What do cells used nutrients for?
- Build and repair cellular structures
- Builds products for export
- Create ATP
What are the 3 energy systems that are used to create ATP?
Fatty acids, Glucose, & Amino acids
What is concentration gradient?
The concentration of particles is higher in one area and lower in another
What is a electrical gradient?
When charged particles move towards the opposite charge (opposites attract)
What is diffusion?
A movement of high concentration to low concentration (
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water across a membrane
What is osmolarity?
A mesure of solute concentration
What is active transport?
Move substances against their gradient
What are the major structures within a cell?
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- cytopskeleton
- Nucleus
- ER
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochia
What is the function of the nucleus ?
Has DNA to make proteins
What is the function of the ER?
Where proteins are first created
What is the function of the Mitochondria ?
Its the power house, Makes ATP
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
modifies proteins, re packages into vesicles to export out of cell
What is blood made out of?
Plasma (water, proteins, nutrients, hormones), White blood cells, Red blood cells
What proportion of blood is fluid and or solid?
55% fluid 45% solid
What is the main function of the blood?
- Maintains body temp
- transport stuff around body
- Maintains ions and nutrient balance
- injury repair
- immunity
What is bulk transport?
Bulk transport helps nutrients and oxygen get around the body quickly and to the cells
What is homeostasis?
The bodys processes involved in maintaining a balanced internal environment (HOMEO - same, STASIS - stay)
What is set point ?
The physiological value around which the operating range
fluctuates.
What is Operating range?
also called the ‘normal range’, is the restricted set of
controlled variable values needed for healthy cell
functioning.
What are two types of systems the body uses to maintain homeostasis ?
Feed forward and negative feedback
