Respiratory Flashcards
what are the resections of the respiratory tract
sinuses
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchiole
alveolus
what are the main defences of the respiratory tract
saliva, mucous, cilia that beat and clear particles from the respiratory tract
what are the two types of respiratory infection
Epithelium surface: that infect and stay localised to the epithelial layer, such as the viruses that cause the common cold or candida infections which live on the oral and vaginal epithelium
Then there are the more systemic ones that start at the epithelium and then can migrate to other organs but then return to the respiratory tract for replication and shedding.- MUMPS
explain surface respiratory infections (2) with 2 examples
local spread, doesn’t move around body
short incubation
common cold, oral Candida
explain systemic respiratory infections (2) with examples
spreads from mucosal site of entry to other site in the body
returns to surface for final shedding stage
Longer incubation- days-weeks
e.g. measles, mumps, rubella, covid19
what are the two types of respiratory pathogen invaders
Professional invaders:- infect healthy respiratory tract
Secondary invaders: - infect compromised tract
what is rhinitis and sinusitis also called
the common cold
what are the main infections of the nasopharynx
rhinitis and sinusitis = common cold
explain how cold viruses work and get removed
virus particles bind to ciliated epithelium and avoid being flushed away
enter cell and replicate and damages the cell leading to loss of cell and inflammatory response
And leads to activation of host defences release of cell debris and transient damage to ciliated epithelium.
Then there is an immune response that might be accompanied by overgrowth of normal flora and finally recovery and regeneration of ciliated epithelium.
what viruses can cause common cold
Rhinoviruses
Coxsackie virus A
Influenza virus
Parainfluenza virus
Coronaviruses
Adenovirus (41 types)
Echovirus (34 types)
what can coxsackie virus cause after common cold
herpangina and hand foot and mouth
what can adenoviruses cause
common cold
mainly pharyngitis; also conjunctivitis, bronchitis
if we have a sore throat, what is the likely cause of our cold
adenovirus
what is the most differential symptom for an adenovirus
sore throat
how do adenoviruses attach to epithelia
Attach via the adhesins on end of penton fibres
what percent are pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by viruses
70%
what is found in 70-90% of glandular fever patients
Epstein Barr Virus
what is Epstein bar virus associated with
Glandular fever
what type of disease is caused by Paramyxovirus
Mumps
what type of virus causes mumps
Paramyxovirus
what complication can come from an adult male getting mumps
Orchitis
Swelling of the testis, very painful
doesnt affect fertiility
what is and what causes Orchitis
Mumps (caused by Paramyxovirus)
Swelling of the testis, very painful
doesnt affect fertility
what is the main symptom of mumps
Swollen lymph nodes, cervical lymph nodes, thick neck alongside cold symptoms
what 3 virus groups often causes Laryngitis and tracheitis
parainfluenza viruses
adenovirus
influenza