Respiratory Flashcards
How to exclude arterial insufficiency?
Ankle brachial pressure index - uses a sphygmomanometer and a hand held doppler device. Less than 0.5 = severe arterial insufficiency.
What do you use to assess the likelihood of DVT and what is the score?
Wells Score and 2 points or more?
In a DVT how much bigger is the circumference of the leg?
3 cm
Order of likely DVT diagnosis?
- Wells score
- ultrasound
- D dimer
Order of unlikely DVT diagnosis?
- Wells score
- D-dimer test
- Ultrasound within 4 hours
What ECG findings would you see in a patient with a PE?
- Sinus tachycardia
- S1Q3T3 waves - deep S waves in lead I, pathological Q waves in lead III, and inverted T waves in lead III
- Right heart strain - RAD/RBBB/non-specific ST changes
What ABG result would you expect in a patient with PE?
Type 1 respiratory failure - low PO2
What is the most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers?
Adenocarcinoma
What is the most common CXR finding in a patient with suspected TB?
Patchy opacification across both upper zones
What is the most common CXR finding in a patient with suspected PE?
A wedge shaped opacification in the left middle zone
Which investigation confirms a diagnosis of Empyema?
Thoracentesis = ph <7.2 + frank coloured pus or yellow in colour + decreased glucose + increased LDH
What is the specific test to diagnose Pulmonary fibrosis?
High-resolution CT Scan = will show changes like honeycombing
Sputum sample for culture shows gram negative coccobacilli. What is the most likely pathogen?
Haemophilus Influenza
CXR finding in Croup
Steeple sign in trachea due to narrowing
What is the gold-standard investigation to diagnose obstructive sleep apnoea?
Polysomnography - measures oxygen saturations + heart rate + BP + breathing + eye/leg movements
