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FCM > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three stages of chicken pox (Varicella zoster virus)

A
  1. Prodrome - Myalgia, Anorexia, nausea, headache
  2. Rash - Vesicles - clear fluid - crops, effects the palm and soles, proximal limbs, face and trunk.
  3. After 5 days Crusting of vesicles (non infectious). Fall off after 1-2 weeks.
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2
Q

When is varicella zoster infectious?

A

2 days before the onset of the rash and 5 days after (or when all vesicles are crusted over)

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3
Q

Treatment for varicella zoster?

A

Acyclovir - 800 mg 5 times a day for 7 days?
Conservative management - drinking fluids, short nails, cotton and loose clothing
Paracetamol
camomile lotion & chlorphenamine for itching.

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4
Q

What are the stages of rash in varicella zozter?

A
  1. Small, macules and erythema
  2. papules
  3. pustules
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5
Q

which patients would you refer/seek specialist advice for exposure with varicella zoster and what would you do?

A
  1. Pregnant woman (Antibody test IGG) and if negative give prophylaxis (HVIC immunoglobulins)
  2. immunocompromised - Same day referral to hospital
  3. Neonates - Same day referral to hospital
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6
Q

Can you get Varicella Zoster on mucous membranes and genitals?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Should children go to school when they have varicella zoster?

A

NO - wait until all papules / pustules are crusted over.

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8
Q

How do you assess for tonsillitis?

A 
FeverPAIN or Centor Score (this replaces inflamed tonsils with lymphadenopathy)  
Fever over 38
P - Purulence 
A - Attended in 3 days 
I - Inflamed tonsils
N - No cough

If 3/4 then consider antibiotics
If 2/3 then delayed antibiotics

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9
Q

How long does it take for sore throat to recover?

A

1 week in total

gets better after 3-4 days

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10
Q

What sore throat is caused by Hemophillus influenza B ?

A

Epiglottitis

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11
Q

A patient is drooling, inspiratory stridor, and has a tripod position what condition is this?

A

Epiglottitis - Medical emergency DO not Look into the mouth.

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12
Q

Sore throat

A
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13
Q

What bacteria causes tonsilitis and how is it diagnosed?

A
  • Streptococcus pyogenes (strep a)
  • Rapid antigen test
  • Throat culture
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14
Q

What symptoms do you get with a sore throat?

A

Children: Abdominal pain, headaches, nausea and vomiting (all have this in tonsilitus)

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15
Q

Pharyngitis Vs tonsilitis?

A

Pharyngitis is behind the soft palate - red erythemous

Tonsilits - inflammation of the tonsils

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16
Q

What treatment do you give for sore throat?

A
  1. If 3/4 on fever pain or 3/4 on Centor score - Antibiotics - Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicilan V)
  2. Hydration -oral liquids
  3. paracetamol and Ibuprofen
  4. Throat lozenges
17
Q

What types of sore throats can you get?

A
  1. Glandular fever - (tested by mononucleosis spot)
  2. Epistein barr - Kissing, fever, sore throat, adenopathy, splenomegaly (recovers between 1- 2 weeks)
  3. Strep a - tonsilitis
  4. influenza a and b, rhinovirus - Pharyngitis
  5. Measels - Koplik spots (white/grey on buccal mucosa)
18
Q

Peritonsillar abscess (quinsy) - signs and symptoms?

A

Most common in 2-4 years old

  1. Uvular deviation
  2. one sided swelling of peri -tonsillar
  3. Trismus
  4. fever.
  5. muffled voice
19
Q

What can herpes simple virus 1 cause?

A 
Herpes Labialis (COLD SORES)
Gingivostomatitis (Ruptured vesicles forming ulcers in the mouth with a yellow/white base)
20
Q

How do you treat Herpes Labialis and Gingivostomatits?

A

Oral Acyclovir - should be taken as soon as you have prodromal symptoms (itching, tingling, paraesthesia, fever, sore throat)
use for 5 days.
Usually a self limiting infection 7-14 days (should start to improve after 5 days
Conservative:
Lip barrier creams, oral mouthwashes (over the counter)
Wash hands
do not kiss or share items until healed

21
Q

What can trigger HSV1

A
  • Ultraviolet light, trauma, fatigue, stress, emotional stress, menstruation, oral surgical procedures
22
Q

Red flags for ulcers?

A

Persistent ulcers for more than 3 weeks.

23
Q

What are the symptoms of atypical angina

A

Constricting discomfort chest pain on exertion or emotional stress
which is relieved by rest and GTN spray
Plus with Abdominal discomfort, breathlessness or nausea

24
Q

Treatment of Angina

A

Bisoprolol or CCB (e.g. veramapril)

25
Q

If newly suspected angina what do you do?

A

Refer to rapid chest clinic

Do an ECG

26
Q

Does a normal ECG rule out Angina

A

No

27
Q

Pain is relieved by sitting forward
worse when lying down on the left, inspiration, swallowing and cough
Fever is present
can hear a pericardial rub
worse on inspiration on the left hand sign
What is this?

A

Pericarditis

28
Q

Tearing chest pain which radiates to the back and in the intrascapular region
Syncope
and radio-radial delay
What is it?

A

Aortic dissection

29
Q

if you suspect ACS and give GTN and the patients symptoms are relieved are you reassured they are not experiencing ACS?

A

NO

30
Q

What are live vaccines?

A 
BCG
MMR (mumps, measels and rubella)
Polio
Influenza (intranasal)
Rotavirus 
Yellow fever
typhoid
31
Q

Epistein barr virus - is also know as what condition?

A

Glandular fever

Infectious mononucleosis

32
Q

Symptoms of EBV?

A
  1. Sore throat
  2. Rash
  3. Swollen lymdenopathy
  4. Spleenohepatomegaly
33
Q

Classic findings of sore throat in Glandual fever

A

Whitewash appearance on the tonsillitis
and palatal petechiae rash.
usually does not get better and tonsils can cross the midline

FCM (13 decks)

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