Respiratory Flashcards
What is the classic presentation of Pneumonia?
- Productive cough
- SOB
- Fever
(smoker)
What would be found on examination of patient with pneumonia?
- Increased vocal resonance/tactile vocal fremitus (better conduction of sound waves through consolidation)
- dull percussion note
Which respiratory conditions would you hear reduced vocal resonance?
- lung collapse
- pleural effusion
- pneumothorax
What would be found on examination of patient with tension pneumothorax?
- hyper-resonant percussion
- tracheal deviation
What would be found on examination of patient with pleural effusion?
- stony dull percussion
- reduced tactile vocal fremitus
What is empyema?
pockets of pus that collect in the pleural cavity
What are the risk factors for empyema?
- pneumonia
- iatrogenic intervention in pleural space
- diabetes
- alcohol abuse
What is the treatment for empyema?
1) chest drain performed under radiological guidance
2) prolonged course of antibiotics
3) if no improvement surgery may be necessary
What presentation would suggest empyema?
- signs of infection (fever)
- resistance to antibiotic treatment
- pleural fluid PH 7.2 or below
At what pleural fluid PH is a chest drain necessary?
7.2
What is the treatment for hospital acquired pneumonia?
IV Tazocin
What is the most common lung cancer with no history of smoking?
Adenocarcinoma
In which group would small cell carcinomas be a likely cancer?
- male
- smokers
- symptoms of lung cancer
- paraneoplastic syndrome (immune response)
When would you suspect squamous cell carcinoma?
- male
- smoker
- hypercalcaemia (caused by parathyroid related peptide)
What is Hodgkins lymphoma?
- cancer in lymphatic system
- originates from lymphocytes
